{{B}}tExt 4{{/B}}

BErnArDBAilyn hAs rECEntly rEintErprEtED thE EArly history oF thE unitED stAtEs By Applying nEw soCiAl rEsEArCh FinDings on thE ExpEriEnCEs oFEuropEAn migrAnts. in his rEintErprEtAtion, migrAtion BEComEs thE orgAnizing prinCiplE For rEwriting thE history oF prE-inDustriAl northAmEriCA、his ApproACh rEsts on Four sEpArAtE propositions. thE First oF thEsE AssErts thAt rEsiDEnts oF EArly moDErnEnglAnD movED rEgulArly ABout thEir CountrysiDE: migrAting to thE nEw worlD wAs simply A "nAturAl spillovEr"Although At First thE ColoniEs hElD littlE positivE AttrACtion For thEEnglish—thEy woulD rAthEr hAvE stAyED homE—By thE EightEEnth CEntury pEoplE inCrEAsingly migrAtED toAmEriCA BECAusE thEy rEgArDED it As thE lAnD oF opportunity. sEConDly,BAilyn holDs thAt. ContrAry to thE notion thAt usED to Flourish inAmEriCAn history tExtBooks, thErE wAs nEvEr A typiCAl nEw worlD Community. For ExAmplE, thE EConomiC AnD DEmogrAphiC ChArACtEr oF EArly nEwEnglAnD towns vAriED ConsiDErABly. BAilyn’s thirD proposition suggEsts two gEnErAl pAttErns prEvAiling Among thE mAny thousAnDs oF migrAnts: onE group CAmE As inDEnturED sErvAnts, AnothEr CAmE to ACquirE lAnD、 surprisingly,BAilyn suggEsts thAt thosE who rECruitED inDEnturED sErvAnts wErE Driving ForCEs oF trAnsAtlAntiC migrAtion. thEsE ColoniAl EntrEprEnEurs hElpED DEtErminE thE soCiAl ChArACtEr oF pEoplE who CAmE to prE-inDustriAl northAmEriCA、At First, thousAnDs oF unskillED lABorErs wErE rECruitED: By thE 1730’s. howEvEr.AmEriCAn EmployErs DEmAnDED skillED workErs. FinAlly,BAilyn ArguEs thAt thE ColoniEs wErE A hAlF-CivilizED hintErlAnD oF thEEuropEAn CulturE systEm. hE is unDouBtEDly CorrECt to insist thAt thE ColoniEs wErE pArt oF thEAnglo-AmEriCAn EmpirE.But to DiviDE thE EmpirE intoEnglish CorE AnD ColoniAl pEriphEry, AsBAilyn DoEs, DEvAluEs thE AChiEvEmEnts oF ColoniAl CulturE. it is truE. AsBAilyn ClAims, thAt high CulturE in thE ColoniEs nEvEr mAtChED thAt inEnglAnD、But whAt oF sEvEntEEnth-CEntury nEwEnglAnD, whErE thE sEttlErs CrEAtED EFFECtivE lAws. Built A DistinguishED univErsity, AnD puBlishED BooksBAilyn might rEsponD thAt nEwEnglAnD wAs ExCEptionAl. howEvEr, thE iDEAs AnD institutions DEvElopED By nEwEnglAnD puritAns hAD powErFul EFFECts on northAmEriCAn CulturE. AlthoughBAilyn goEs on to Apply his ApproACh to somE thousAnDs oF inDEnturED sErvAnts who migrAtED just prior to thE rEvolution, hE FAils to link thEir ExpEriEnCE with thE politiCAl DEvElopmEnt oF thE unitED stAtEs.EviDEnCE prEsEntED in his work suggEsts how wE might mAkE suCh A ConnECtion. thEsE inDEnturED sErvAnts wErE trEAtED As slAvEs For thE pErioD During whiCh thEy hAD solD thEir timE toAmEriCAn EmployErs. it is not surprising thAt As soon As thEy sErvED thEir timE thEy gAvE up gooD wAgEs in thE CitiEs AnD hEADED wEst to EnsurE thEir pErsonAl inDEpEnDEnCE By ACquiring lAnD、thus.it is in thE wEst thAt A pECuliArlyAmEriCAn politiCAl CulturE BEgAn, Among Colonists who wErE suspiCious oF Authority AnD intEnsEly Anti-AristoCrAtiC、 {{B}}notEs:{{/B}} spillovEr n. 外流。inDEnturED sErvAnt 合同工。hintErlAnD n. 内地。Anglo-AmEriCAn 英裔美国人的。 pEriphEry n. 边缘。Anti-AristoCrAtiC 反对贵族的。DEmogrAphiCs 人口统计(特点)。

thE Author is primArily ConCErnED withA．CompAring sEvErAl CurrEnt intErprEtAtions oF EArlyAmEriCAn history.
B．proviDing thE thEorEtiCAl FrAmEwork thAt is usED By most historiAns in unDErstAnDing EArlyAmEriCAn history.
C．rEFuting An ArgumEnt ABout EArlyAmEriCAn history thAt hAs BEEn proposED By soCiAl historiAns.
D．DisCussing A rEintErprEtAtion oF EArlyAmEriCAn history thAt is BAsED on nEw soCiAl rEsEArCh on migrAtion.