{{B}}tExt 3{{/B}}

in thE two DECADEs BEtwEEn 1910 AnD 1930, ovEr tEn pErCEnt oF thEBlACk populAtion oF thE unitED stAtEs lEFt thE south, whErE thE mAjority oF thEBlACk populAtion hAD BEEn loCAtED, AnD migrAtED to northErn stAtEs, with thE lArgEst numBEr moving, it is ClAimED, BEtwEEn 1016 AnD 1918. it hAs BEEn FrEquEntly AssumED, But not provED, thAt most oF thE migrAnts in whAt hAs ComE to BE CAllED thE grEAt migrAtion CAmE From rurAl ArEAs AnD wErE motivAtED By two ConCurrEnt FACtors: thE CollApsE oF Cotton inDustry Following Boll wEEvil inFEstAtion, whiCh BEgAn in 1898, AnD inCrEAsED DEmAnD in thE north For lABor Following thE CEssAtion oFEuropEAn immigrAtion CAusED By thE outBrEAk oF thE First worlD wAr in 1914. this Assumption hAs lED to thE ConClusion thAt thE migrAnts’ suBsEquEnt lACk oF EConomiC moBility in thE north is tiED to rurAl BACkgrounD, A BACkgrounD thAt impliEs unFAmiliArity with urBAn living AnD A lACk oF inDustriAl skills. But thE quEstion oF who ACtuAlly lEFt thE south hAs nEvEr BEEn invEstigAtED in DEtAil.Although numErous invEstigAtions DoCumEnt A Flight From rurAl southErn ArEAs to southErn CitiEs prior to thE grEAt migrAtion, no onE hAs ConsiDErED whEthEr thE sAmE migrAnts thEn movED on to northErn CitiEs. in 1910 ovEr 600,000BlACk workErs, or tEn pErCEnt oF thEBlACk work ForCE rEportED thEmsElvEs to BE EngAgED in "mAnuFACturing AnD mEChAniCAl pursuits", thE FEDErAl CEnsus CAtEgory roughly inCluDing thE EntirE inDustriAl sECtor. thE grEAt migrAtion CoulD EAsily hAvE BEEn mADE up EntirEly oF this group AnD thEir FAmiliEs. it is pErhAps surprising to ArguE thAt An EmployED populAtion CoulD BE tEmptED to movE, But An ExplAnAtion liEs in thE lABor ConDitions thEn prEvAlEnt in thE south. ABout thirty-FivE pErCEnt oF thE urBAnBlACk populAtion in thE south wAs EngAgED in skillED trADEs. somE wErE From thE olD ArtisAn ClAss oF slAvEry--BlACksmiths, mAsons, CArpEntErs--whiCh hAD A monopoly oF CErtAin trADEs, But thEy wErE grADuAlly BEing pushED out By CompEtition, mEChAnizAtion, AnD oBsolEsCEnCE. thE rEmAining sixty-FivE pErCEnt, morE rECEntly urBAnizED, workED in nEwly DEvElopED inDustriEs--toBACCo, lumBEr, CoAl AnD iron mAnuFACturE, AnD rAilroADs. wAgEs in thE south, howEvEr, wErE low, AnDBlACk workErs wErE AwArE, through lABor rECruitErs AnD thEBlACk prEss, thAt thEy CoulD EArn morE EvEn As unskillED workErs in thE north thAn thEy CoulD As ArtisAns in thE south.AFtEr thE Boll wEEvil inFEstAtion, urBAnBlACk workErs FACED CompEtition From thE Continuing inFlux oF BothBlACk AnD whitE rurAl workErs, who wErE DrivEn to unDErCut thE wAgEs FormErly pAiD For inDustriAl joBs. thus, A movE north woulD BE sEEn As ADvAntAgEous to A group thAt wAs AlrEADy urBAnizED AnD stEADily EmployED, AnD thE EAsy ConClusion tying thEir suBsEquEnt EConomiC proBlEms in thE north to thEir rurAl BACkgrounDs ComEs into quEstion. {{B}}notEs:{{/B}} Boll wEEvil inFEstAtion 棉铃虫蔓延。CEssAtion 中止，停止。mAson 泥瓦匠。rECruitEr 招募者。inFlux流入，涌入。

thE mAtEriAl in thE tExt woulD BE most rElEvAnt to A long DisCussion oF whiCh oF thE Following topiCsA．thE EFFECt oF migrAtion on thE rEgionAl EConomiEs oF thE unitED stAtEs Following thE First worlD wAr.
B．thE rEAsons For thE suBsEquEnt EConomiC DiFFiCultiEs oF thosE who pArtiCipAtED in thE grEAt migrAtion.
C．thE trAnsition From An urBAn ExistEnCE For thosE who migrAtED in thE grEAt migrAtion.
D．thE trAnsFormAtion oF thE AgriCulturAl south Following thE Boll wEEvil inFEstAtion.