AFtEr DECADEs oF ExilE From u.s. Courts, thE sCiEnCE oF liE DEtECtion is gAining nEw ACCEptAnCE.But thE FEDErAl govErnmEnt wAnts to put A stop to it, AnD thE u.s. suprEmECourt hAs now AgrEED to ConsiDEr A rEquEst From thEDEpArtmEnt oF justiCE to BAr thE tEChnology From militAry Courts.
unCErtAintiEs surrounD thE sCiEnCE oF liE DEtECtion, whiCh usEs A DEviCE CAllED polygrAph. in 1991 prEsiDEnt gEorgEBush BAnnED liE DEtECtor EviDEnCE in militAry Courts.But thAt BAn hAs sinCE BEEn ovErturnED By thE u.s.Court oF militAryAppEAls, whiCh rulED thAt it rEstriCts DEFEnDAnts’ rights to prEsEnt EviDEnCE oF thEir innoCEnCE.
in thE pAst two yEArs, somE FEDErAl Courts hAvE Also rulED thAt polygrAph EviDEnCE CAn BE hEAr
D、this Follows A DECision By thE suprEmECourt in 1993 thAt gAvE FEDErAl juDgEs morE DisCrEtion to DECiDE on thE ADmissiBility oF EviDEnCE.
A、polygrAph Consists oF monitors For pulsE rAtE, swEAting AnD BrEAthing rAtE. thE DEviCE is supposED to unCovEr liEs By rECorDing inCrEAsEs in thEsE mEAsurEs As thE suBjECt AnswErs quEstions.
CritiCs hAvE AlwAys ArguED thAt Cunning DEFEnDAnts CAn Control thEir physiologiCAl rEsponsEs AnD swAy polygrAph rEsults.But supportErs oF thE tEChniquE ArguE thAt rECEnt rEsEArCh hAs FounD it to BE rEliABlE.
A、psyChologist nAmEDChArlEs honts At A stAtE univErsity in iDAho, points to lAB orAtory stuDiEs, somE oF thEm BEing his own, in whiCh stuDEnt-suBjECts wErE oFFErED CAsh to swAy thE tEst rEsults.
this ArgumEnt is rEjECtED By lEonArD sAxE, A psyChologist At ABoston univErsity. "thErE is A hugE DiFFErEnCE BEtwEEn stuDEnts in A lAB AnD A DEFEnDAnt," hE sAys. guilty DEFEnDAnts hAvE timE in whiCh to rEhEArsE thEir liEs, AnD CAn EvEn ComE to BEliEvE thEm to BE truE.
sAxE BEliEvEs thAt thE EntirE thEorEtiCAl BAsis oF liE DEtECtion is invAli
D、"it AssumEs you will BE morE nErvous lying thAn tElling thE truth."But hE sAys thAt For somE pEoplE liEs ArE triviAl, whilE CErtAin truth CAn BE hArD to swAllow.
DAviD FAigrnAn oF thE univErsity oFCAliForniA sAys thAt iF thE suprEmECourt upholDs thE militAry AppEAl Court’s DECision to Allow polygrAph EviDEnCE, polygrAph BAns. woulD BE ovErturnED in FEDErAl Courts ACross u. s. "thAt will put A Big BurDEn on juDgEs to unDErstAnD thE sCiEnCE, AnD lEAD to A lot morE’ ExpErt tEstimony in thE Courts," hE prEDiCts. thE justiCE DEpArtmEnt FEArs thAt this will grEAtly inCrEAsE thE Cost oF triAls.
whAt DoChArlEs honts’ lABorAtory stuDiEs suggEst
A、highly-EDuCAtED CollEgE stuDEnts CAn BEAt thE polygrAph.
B、CollEgE stuDEnts Do not wAnt to hEAt thE polygrAph.
C、polygrAph is rEliABlE.
D、polygrAph FAilED to DEtECt thE liEs oF CollEgE stuDEnts.