whAt’s thE worlD’s grEAtEst morAl ChAllEngE, As juDgED By its CApACity to inFliCt humAn trAgEDy it is not, i think, gloBAl wArming, whosE EFFECts—iF thEy BEComE As grim As prEDiCtED—will oCCur ovEr mAny yEArs AnD proviDE soCiEtiEs timE to ADApt.
A、CAsE CAn BE mADE For prEvEnting nuClEAr proliFErAtion, whiCh thrEAtEns untolD DEAths AnD A CollApsE oF thE worlD EConomy.But thE most urgEnt prEsEnt morAl ChAllEngE, i suBmit, is thE most oBvious: gloBAl povErty.
thE solution to BEing poor is gEtting riCh. it’s EConomiC growth. wE know this. thE mystEry is why All soCiEtiEs hAvE not ADoptED thE oBvious rEmEDiEs. just rECEntly, thE 21-mEmBErCommission on growth AnDDEvElopmEnt ExAminED thE puzzlE. sinCE 1950, thE pAnEl FounD, 13 EConomiEs hAvE grown At An AvErAgE AnnuAl rAtE oF 7 pErCEnt For At lEAst 25 yEArs.
thE pAnEl iDEntiFiED FivE Common ElEmEnts oF suCCEss: opEnnEss to gloBAl trADE AnD, usuAlly, An EAgErnEss to AttrACt ForEign invEstmEnt; politiCAl stABility AnD "CApABlE" govErnmEnts "CommittED" to EConomiC growth; high rAtEs oF sAving AnD invEstmEnt, usuAlly At lEAst 25 pErCEnt oF nAtionAl inComE; EConomiC stABility, kEEping govErnmEnt BuDgEts AnD inFlAtion unDEr Control AnD AvoiDing A BroAD CollApsE in proDuCtion; A willingnEss to "lEt mArkEts AlloCAtE rEsourCEs," mEAning thAt govErnmEnts DiDn’t try to run inDustry.
oF CoursE, quAliFiCAtions ABounD, still, BroAD lEssons ArE ClEAr. gloBAlizAtion works.CountriEs Don’t gEt riCh By stAying isolAtE
D、thosE thAt EmBrACE trADE AnD ForEign invEstmEnt ACquirE know-how AnD tEChnologiEs, CAn Buy ADvAnCED proDuCts ABroAD, AnD ArE ForCED to improvE thEir CompEtitivEnEss. thE trAnsmission oF nEw iDEAs AnD proDuCts is FAstEr thAn EvEr.
thErE is A rolE For ForEign AiD, tEChniCAl AssistAnCE AnD ChArity in rEliEving gloBAl povErty.But it is A smAll rolE. it CAn improvE hEAlth, AllEviAtE suFFEring From nAturAl DisAstErs or wArs, AnD proviDE somE typEs oF skills.But it CAnnot singlE: hAnDEDly stimulAtE thE poliCiEs AnD hABits thAt FostEr sElF-sustAining growth. jApAn AnDChinA hAvE grown rApiDly not BECAusE thEy rECEivED ForEign AiD But BECAusE thEy pursuED pro-growth poliCiEs AnD EmBrACED pro-growth vAluEs.
thE hArD quEstion is why All soCiEtiEs hAvEn’t ADoptED thEm. onE rEAson is politiCs; somE rEgimEs ArE morE intErEstED in prEsErving thEir powEr AnD privilEgEs thAn in promoting growth.But thE lArgEr AnswEr, i think, is CulturE, As lAwrEnCE hArrison oF tuFts univErsity ArguEs. trADitionAl vAluEs, soCiAl systEms or rEligious viEws ArE oFtEn hostilE to risk-tAking, wEAlth ACCumulAtion AnD EConomiC growth. in his lAtEst Book, hArrison ContEnDs thAt politiCs CAn AltEr CulturE, hut it isn’t EAsy.
gloBAlizAtion hAs morAl As wEll As EConomiC AnD politiCAl DimEnsions. thE unitED stAtEs AnD othEr wEAlthy CountriEs ArE ExpEriEnCing An Anti-gloBAlizAtion BACklAsh.AmEriCAns AnD othErs ArE EntitlED to DEFEnD thEmsElvEs From EConomiC hArm, But mAny oF thE AllEgAtions AgAinst gloBAlizAtion ArE wilDly ExAggErAtE
D、By mAking gloBAlizAtion An All-purposE sCApEgoAt For EConomiC ComplAints, mAny "progrEssivEs" ArE ACtuAlly unDErmining thE most powErFul ForCE For ErADiCAting gloBAl povErty.
whiCh oF thE Following will Bring thE grEAtEst trAgEDy to mAnkinD
A、gloBAl wArming.
B、gloBAl povErty.
C．nuClEAr proliFErAtion.
D、All oF thE ABovE.