{{B}}tExt 3{{/B}}

Ei nino is thE tErm usED For thE pErioD whEn sEA surFACE tEmpErAturEs ArE ABovE normAl oFF thE southAmEriCAn CoAst Along thE EquAtoriAl pACiFiC, somEtimEs CAllED thEEArth’s hEArtBEAt, AnD is A DrAmAtiC But mystErious ClimAtE systEm thAt pErioDiCAlly rAgEs ACross thE pACiFiC、 Ei nino mEAns "thE littlE Boy" or "thEChrist ChilD" in spAnish, AnD is so CAllED BECAusE its wArm CurrEnt is FElt Along CoAstAl pEru AnDECuADor ArounDChristmAs.But thE loCAl wArming is just pArt oF An intriCAtE sEt oF ChAngEs in thE oCEAn AnD AtmosphErE ACross thE tropiCAl pACiFiC, whiCh CovErs A thirD oF thEEArth’s CirCumFErEnCE. its intEnsity is suCh thAt it AFFECts tEmpErAturEs, storm trACks AnD rAinFAll ArounD thE worlD、 Droughts inAFriCA AnDAustrAliA, tropiCAl storms in thE pACiFiC, torrEntiAl rAins Along thECAliForniAn CoAst AnD lush grEEning oF pEruviAn DEsErts hAvE All BEEn AsCriBED to thE whim oFEi nino. until rECEntly it hAs BEEn rEturning ABout EvEry thrEE to FivE yEArs.But rECEntly it hAs BEComE morE FrEquEnt--For thE First timE on rECorD it hAs rEturnED For A Fourth ConsECutivE yEAr--AnD At thE sAmE timE A giAnt pool oF unusuAlly wArm wAtEr hAs sEttlED Clown in thE miDDlE oF thE pACiFiC AnD is showing no signs oF moving. ClimAtologists Don’t yEt know why, though somE ArE sAying thEsE {{u}}ABErrAtions{{/u}} mAy signAl A worlDwiDE ChAngE in ClimAtE. thE proBlEm is thAt noBoDy rEAlly sEEms surE whAt CAusEs thEEi nino to stArt up, AnD whAt mAkEs somE strongEr thAn othErs.AnD this mAkEs it pArtiCulArly hArD to ExplAin why it hAs suDDEnly stArtED BEhAving so DiFFErEntly. in thE ABsEnCE oFEi nino AnD its ColD CountErpArt, lA ninA, ConDitions in thE tropiCAl EAstErn pACiFiC ArE thE oppositE oF thosE in thE wEst: thE EAst is Cool AnD Dry, whilE thE wEst is hot AnD wEt. in thE EAst, it’s thE winDs AnD CurrEnts thAt kEEp things Cool. it works likE this. strong, stEADy winDs, CAllED trADE winDs, Blowing wEst ACross thE pACiFiC DrAg thE surFACE wAtEr Along with thEm. thE vArying inFluEnCE oF thEEArth’s rotAtion At DiFFErEnt lAtituDEs, known As thECoriolis EFFECt, CAusEs thEsE surFACE winDs AnD wAtEr to vEEr towArDs thE polEs, north in thE northErn hEmisphErE AnD south in thE southErn hEmisphErE. thE surFACE wAtEr is rEplACED By ColDEr wAtEr From DEEpEr in thE oCEAn in A proCEss known As upwElling. thE ColD surFACE wAtEr in turn Chills thE Air ABovE it. this ColD DEnsE Air CAnnot risE high Enough For wAtEr vApor to ConDEnsE into ClouDs. thE DEnsE Air CrEAtEs An ArEA oF high prEssurE so thAt thE AtmosphErE ovEr thE EquAtoriAl EAstErn pACiFiC is EssEntiAlly DEvoiD oF rAinFAll.

pArAgrAphs 2 AnD 3 ArE writtEn toA．DisCuss thE CAusEs oF ClimAtiC irrEgulAritiEs.
B．ExEmpliFy thE ABnormAl EFFECts oFEi nino.
C．ExplAin thE wAy in whiChEi nino DEvElops.
D．show thE rECEnt oBsErvAtions oF sCiEntists.