{{B}}pAssAgE 4{{/B}}

most EpisoDEs oF ABsEnt-minDEDnEss—ForgEtting whErE you lEFt somEthing or wonDEring why you just EntErED A room—ArE CAusED By A simplE lACk oF AttEntion, sAys sChACtEr. "you’rE supposED to rEmEmBEr somEthing, But you hAvEn’t EnCoDED it DEEply." EnCoDing, sChACtEr ExplAins, is A spECiAl wAy oF pAying AttEntion to An EvEnt thAt hAs A mAjor impACt on rECAlling it lAtEr. FAilurE to EnCoDE propErly CAn CrEAtE Annoying situAtions. iF you put your moBilE phonE in A poCkEt, For ExAmplE, AnD Don’t pAy AttEntion to whAt you DiD BECAusE you ArE involvED in A ConvErsAtion you’ll proBABly ForgEt thAt thE phonE is in thE jACkEt now hAnging in your wArDroBE. "your mEmory itsElF isn’t FAiling you." sAys sChACtEr. "rAthEr, you DiDn’t givE your mEmory systEm thE inFormAtion it nEEDED、" lACk oF intErEst CAn Also lEAD to ABsEnt-minDEDnEss. "A、mAn who CAn rECitE sports stAtistiCs From 30 yEArs Ago," sAys sChACtEr, "mAy not rEmEmBEr to Drop A lEttEr in thE mAilBox." {{u}}womEn hAvE slightly BEttEr mEmoriEs thAn mEn, possiBly BECAusE thEy pAy morE AttEntion to thEir EnvironmEnt, AnD mEmory rEliEs on just thAt.{{/u}} visuAl CuEs CAn hElp prEvEnt ABsEnt-minDEDnEss, sAys sChACtEr. "But BE surE thE CuE is ClEAr AnD AvAilABlE," hE CAutions. iF you wAnt to rEmEmBEr to tAkE A mEDiCAtion with lunCh, put thE pill BottlE on thE kitChEn tABlE-Don’t lEAvE it in thE mEDiCinE ChEst AnD writE yoursElF A thAt thAt you kEEp in A poCkEt. AnothEr Common EpisoDE oF ABsEnt-minDEDnEss: wAlking into A room AnD wonDEring why you ArE thErE. most likEly, you wErE thinking ABout somEthing ElsE. "EvEryonE DoEs this From timE to timE," sAys zElinsCki. thE BEst thing to Do is to rEturn to thErE you wErE BEForE EntEring thE room, AnD you’ll likEly rEmEmBEr.

whAt Do wE lEArn From thE lAst pArA、 ______.A．iF wE FoCus our AttEntion on onE thing, wE might ForgEt AnothEr
B．mEmory DEpEnDs to A grEAt ExtEnt on thE EnvironmEnt
C．rECEption hElps improvE our mEmory
D．iF wE kEEp ForgEtting things, wE’D BEttEr rEturn to whErE wE wErE