FirstAiD
thE mAin purposE oF First AiD is to proviDE propEr CArE to suDDEnly ill or injurED pErsons until mEDiCAl hElp BEComEs AvAilABlE or, For proBlEms thAt Do not nEED A physiCiAn’s AttEntion.
EvEn A ChilD CAn sAvE A liFE By knowing whAt to Do. For ExAmplE, By rolling An unConsCious pErson’s hEAD to onE siDE, AnyonE CAn sAvE thAt pErson From Drowning in his own sAlivA or Choking on his tonguE. mAny First-AiD tEChniquEs ArE As simplE. othErs rEquirE prEpArAtion in ADvAnCE, But Almost AnyonE CAn lEArn most oF thE importAnt rolEs AnD mEthoDs.
pArt ⅰ:BAsiC rulEs
1.Do not pAniC: Control your Emotions. thEn rEAssurE thE viCtim iF hE or shE is ConsCious.
2.Ask For hElp. sEnD somEonE to CAll A physiCiAn, thE poliCE or FirE DEpArtmEnt, or An AmBulAnCE.Ask othErs to stop trAFFiC, gEt suppliEs, Control CrowDs, EtC、iF you ArE AlonE, go For hElp 0nly AFtEr you hAvE ComplEtED thE most urgEnt First-AiD mEAsurEs.
3. movE thE viCtim out oF thE wAy oF DAngEr. othErwisE, Do not movE him until proFEssionAl hElp ArrivEs. iF thE viCtim must BE liFtED, support All pArts oF thE BoDy As EvEnly As possiBlE.
4. iF thE viCtim’s ClothEs or hAir ArE on FirE AnD no wAtEr is At hAnD, smothEr thE FlAmEs By CovEring thEm with A CoAt, or BlAnkEt or roll him on thE grounD、Do not try to BEAt out FlAmEs with your hAnDs.
5. iF Bright rED BlooD is pouring out, put DirECt prEssurE on thE wounD immEDiAtEly with Any ClEAn Cloth or with your hAnD or FingErs.
6. roll An unConsCious pErson’s hEAD ovEr to thE siDE. this kEEps thE tonguE From FAlling BACk AgAinst thE throAt. thEn quiCkly loosEn tight Clothing AnD ChECk For A BrACElEt, or CArD thAt might iDEntiFy AnD proviDE instruCtions For Any DisorDEr thE pErson might hAvE.
7. iF thE viCtim hAs stoppED BrEAthing, ChECk thE mouth AnD throAt with A FingEr For Any oBstruCtion; thEn BEgin ArtiFiCiAl rEspirAtion whiCh is pArt oF thECpr-CArDiopulmonAry rEsusCitAtion-- liFE support tEChniquE DEsCriBED BElow.
pArt ⅱ:Cpr AnD liFE support
thE First pArt oFCpr, ClEAring thE AirwAys, AnD thE sEConD pArt, ArtiFiCiAl rEspirAtion, ArE EAsy to lEArn AnD ArE usEFul For mAny liFE-thrEAtEning EmErgEnCiEs.But thE thirD pArt, ExtErnAl hEArt mAssAgE, must BE prACtiCED in ADvAnCE to hE surE oF using it propErly AnD sAFEly.
iF A pErson CollApsEs AnD stops BrEAthing, BEgin thEABC’s oFCpr.Do not go BEyonDA、(AirwAy ClEArAnCE. iF BrEAthing rEsumEs.Do not go BEyonDB、(mouth-to-mouth BrEAthing. unlEss you ArE CErtAin thAt thE viCtim hAs no pulsE. usEC、(ChEst ComprEssion) only iF you hAvE prEpArED yoursElF in ADvAnCE to Do it propErly. in All thE stEps, usE proportionAtEly lightEr ForCE For ChilDrEn.
A、AirwAyClEArAnCE
1. plACE thE viCtim on his BACk AnD support thE nECk.
2. liFt thE nECk AnD tilt thE ForEhEAD BACkwArD, AnD thEn liFt thE Chin upwArD、Do not liFt or BEnD thE nECk iF you think it might BE injurED、push thE Chin upwArD without moving thE nECk.
3. listEn For BrEAthing By plACing your EAr nEAr thE mouth; mEAnwhilE, wAtCh thE ChEst For signs oF movEmEnt. iF thE pErson is BrEAthing, roll him CArEFully onto his siDE.
4. iF thErE is no sign oF BrEAthing or BrEAthing is inADEquAtE, opEn thE mouth AnD rEmovE Any ForEign mAtEriAl thAt mAy intErFErE with rEsusCitAtion.
B、mouth-to-mouthBrEAthing
1. with thE viCtim’s hEAD in thE up position, pinCh thE nostrils ClosED, tAkE A DEEp BrEAth, AnD plACE your mouth tightly ovEr his mouth. thEn Blow quiCkly AnD DEEply Four timEs.AFtEr EACh timE, rAisE your mouth AnD lEt Air EsCApE From thE viCtim’s mouth. mouth-to-nosE rEspirAtion mAy BE usED iF thE mouth CAnnot BE opEnED or is BADly injurED、with smAll ChilDrEn, plACE your mouth ovEr thE mouth AnD nosE.
2. iF you FEEl rEsistAnCE to your BrEAth, AnD thE viCtim’s ChEst DoEs not risE As you ExhAlE or FAll whEn you pAusE, thE AirwAy