For quEstions 1-4, mArk
y ( For yEs) iF thE stAtEmEnt AgrEEs with thE inFormAtion givEn in thE pAssAgE;
n(For no) iF thE stAtEmEnt ContrADiCts thE inFormAtion givEn in thE pAssAgE;
ng ( For not givEn) iF thE inFormAtion is not givEn in thE pAssAgE.
For quEstions 5- 10, ComplEtE thE sEntEnCEs By EithEr mAking thE BEst ChoiCE or Filling in thE BlAnk with thE inFormAtion givEn in thE pAssAgE.
thE sEnsE thAt shApEs our FuturE
whEn hE puts his thrEE-yEAr-olD DAughtEr to BED At night, psyChologist miChAEl mEAnEy givEs hEr An ExtrA hug. his AnimAl rEsEArCh suggEsts thAt CArEssEs (爱抚) in EArly youth mAy lEAD in ADulthooD to hEAlthiEr BrAin CElls, ClEArEr mEmoriEs AnD FEwEr proBlEms From Aging.
prEmAturE BABiEs Fill rows oF inCuBAtors (安置早产儿的恒温箱) in A City hospitAl.All rECEivE thE sAmE FooD, But thosE who ArE mAssAgED DAily show grEAtEr wEight gAin AnD mEntAl DEvElopmEnt thAn prEEmiEs (早产儿) who ArEn’t.
shoppErs in A supErmArkEt ArE AskED to sAmplE A nEw BrAnD oF pizzA、 thosE who ArE touChED For A FrACtion oF A sEConD During thE sAlEs pitCh ArE morE likEly to Buy thE nEw proDuCt.
touCh is thE First sEnsE wE DEvElop, AnD wE ACquirE it BEForE Birth. wE CoulD not livE without it. imAginE BEing unABlE to sEnsE thE DAngEr oF sCAlDing (滚烫的) wAtEr or to FEEl our wAy Down A DArk stAirwAy. wE tEnD to think oF sight As our most importAnt sEnsE, yEt wE ClosE our EyEs in slEEp For A thirD oF EACh DAy. touCh nEvEr Blinks, nEvEr turns oFF its AwArEnEss oF thE worlD ArounD us.
sCiEntists hAvE now DisCovErED thAt touCh Also shApEs our minDs AnD hEAlth.Dr. sAul sChAnBErg, proFEssor oF phArmACology (药理学) AnD BiologiCAl psyChiAtry (神经病学) AtDukE univErsity inDurhAm, northCArolinA, stuDiED BABy rAts. hE FounD thAt whEn sEpArAtED From thEir mothEr For As littlE As 45 minutEs thEy unDErwEnt mAjor intErnAl ChAngEs. thEir lEvEl oF growth hormonE (荷尔蒙) AnD oF A kEy EnzymE (酶) DroppED shArply, But CAmE BACk to normAl soon AFtEr thEir mothEr rEturnED to thE nEst. thE lACk oF touCh From thE mothEr’s liCking triggErED thEsE BioChEmiCAl ChAngEs, But Firmly stroking thE nEwBorns with A moist pAintBrush rEstorED thEm to normAl.
in CollABorAtion with sCAnBErg, rEsEArChErs At thE univErsity oF miAmi mEDiCAl sChool’s touCh rEsEArCh institutE, DirECtED By psyChologist tiFFAny FiElD, BEgAn giving prEmAturE BABiEs 45 minutEs oF mAssAgE EACh DAy.Common wisDom hAD hElD thAt thEsE inFAnts shoulD BE kEpt in An isolAtED, womBlikE EnvironmEnt, thAt touCh woulD strEss thEm AnD impAir thEir ChAnCEs For survivAl. nEvErthElEss, FiElD AnD hEr Co-workErs gAvE 20 stABilizED prEEmiEs thrEE 15-minutE pErioDs oF slow, Firm mAssAgE strokEs AnD limB movEmEnts.
within tEn DAys thE mAssAgED BABiEs showED 47-pErCEnt grEAtEr wEight gAin thAn thEir wArD- mAtEs, As wEll As improvED slEEp, AlErtnEss AnD ACtivity. up to Eight months lAtEr thEy DisplAyED grEAtEr mEntAl AnD physiCAl skills. most DrAmAtiCAlly, thE mAssAgED prEEmiEs wErE ABlE to lEAvE thE Costly CritiCAl-CArE unit An AvErAgE oF six DAys EArliEr thAn prEEmiEs not mAssAgED、FiElD ExplAins thAt touCh stimulAtEs CErtAin hormonEs thAt EmErgE nAturAlly in Full-tErm BABiEs, inCluDing thosE thAt FACilitAtE FooD ABsorption.
ACCorDing toDr. ronAlDBArr oF montrEAl’sChilDrEn’s hospitAl, somE inFAnts ArE hElD only ABout two to thrEE hours EACh DAy By thEir mothErs, CompArED with somEAFriCAn triBAl CulturEs in whiCh BABiEs ArE hAnDlED or CArriED By thEir mothErs up to 90 pErCEnt oF thE timE.ADDs nursing proFEssor kAthrynBArnArD, "ABout 80 pErCEnt oF A BABy’s CommuniCAtion is DonE through BoDy movEmEnt, AnD skin-to-skin ContACt mAkEs it EAsiEr For A mothEr to rEAD thAt CommuniCAtion. " thE morE A mothEr holDs hEr BABy, thE morE AwArE shE is oF thE BABy’s nEEDs.
touChing sErvEs purposEs BEyonD giving ComFort AnD sECurity. sCiEntists hAvE DisCovErED t