【单选题】

A、 Managers control other employees. This is a vital function of management that varies only in degree and style. One area of change threatens to reduce the degree substantially: the "dilution" of control downwarD、

A、key function from the beginning, control shares the collective essence of management with planning, organizing, staffing, and directing. Some would add two more: innovating and representing. Today, many prefer a less autocratic-sounding word, but the logic remains convincing: Somebody must "run things".By implication, monitoring that process is also necessary if an effective, profitable organization is to be realizeD、B、 Some control has already been diluted when the authority to make decisions in the boss’’s name is delegateD、Needed especially as organizations grow larger, delegation almost inevitably generates tension. Managers know they should and must delegate, for many reasons. No matter how skilled and experienced, one person can neither do everything nor make all necessary decisions.Even if that superhuman ability existed, the development of promotable subordinates would be compromiseD、

C、 Regardless of how necessary and desirable, however, delegation remains difficult. Typically, managers view letting a "less qualified person" do the job as illogical. They also fear potential loss of power and control.Despite such resistance, recent years have seen greater pressure to delegate. Those who like to invent terminology might call the new situation "delegation-plus", or perhaps "macro-delegation".Even the basic word might be ready for retirement.D、 In other words, long-existing delegation of authority down the chain of command has been supplemented greatly by widespread "empowerment".Decision-making has been "pushed downward" with a vengeance.Emphasis has been placed on decentralization and multiple teams.Causes are both philosophical and practical. Some see a pervasive paradigm shift.

A、vigorous effort is being made in benchmark firms not only to seek constantly better ways to do things but to do so more democratically, for assumed long-run effectiveness. One way to do this is to push organizational decision-making downwarD、Practically speaking, this effort is complemented by widespread downsizing. The restructuring that accompanies it: often means reducing the number of middle managers. In the resulting "flat" organizations, those who remain wield broader spans of control or management, meaning they have more people to supervise.E、Despite its popularity and even urgency, downward shifting provokes serious questions. Is it possible to reduce a manager’’s operational control too much Is the concept of "diminishing returns" likely, as in economic theory The trend has been long ongoing! if that point does exist, how close are we Is endless decentralization logicalDelegation per se does not have to compromise management control; should not, in fact, provided the needed skill exists.But the danger is always present.0.Controlling is significant in management however it changes to some extent.E、 With the development of companies, more decision-makings are authorized in the boss’s name.