hAvE wE EvEr hAD juDiCious CritEriA on who ArE hEroEs AnD who ArE Fools in sCiEnCE hAvE wE EvEr hAD pEoplE BEliEvE in thosE sEEmingly sElF-EviDEnt juDgmEnts in thE (31) moDEl oF sCiEntiFiC " progrEss ", wE BEgin in supErstitious ignorAnCE AnD movE towArD FinAl truth By thE (32) ACCumulAtion oF FACts. in this ComplACEnt pErspECtivE, thE history oF sCiEnCE ContAins (33) thAn AnECDotAl intErEst—For it CAn only ChroniClE pAst Errors AnD (34) thE BriCklAyErs For DisCErning (35) oF FinAl truth. it is As trAnspArEnt As An olD-FAshionED DrAmA: truth ( As wE pErCEivE it toDAy) is thE only ArBitEr AnD thE worlD oF (36) sCiEntists is DiviDED into gooD guys who ArE right AnD BAD guys who ArE wrong.
historiAns oF sCiEnCE hAvE uttErly (37) this moDEl During thE pAst DECADE. sCiEnCE is not A hEArtlEss pursuit oF (38) inFormAtion.
it is A CrEAtivE humAn (39) , AnD its gEniusEs ACting morE As Artists thAn As inFormAtion proCEssors. (40) in thEory ArE not simply thE rEsults oF nEw DisCovEriEs (41) thE work oF CrEAtivE imAginAtion (42) By ContEmporAry soCiAl AnD politiCAl (43)
wE shoulD not juDgE thE pAst (44) AnAChronistiC spECtAClEs oF our own ConviCtions—DEsignAting As hEroEs thE sCiEntists (45) wE juDgE to BE right (46) thAt hAD nothing to Do with thEir own (47) .wE ArE (48) Foolish iF wE CAllAnAximAnDEr (sixth CEntury
B、
C、) An Evolutionist BECAusE, in ADvoCAting A (49) rolE For wAtEr Among thE Four ElEmEnts, hE hElD thAt liFE First (50) thE sEA; yEt most tExtBooks so CrEDit him.
A．movEmEnts
B、outComEs
C、ChAngEs
D．ADvAnCEs