【单选题】

The governments of Trinidad and Tobago and Jamaica are working to improve their respective security environments, for both political and economic reasons. However, the approach in both countries has been unevenly split between law enforcement and preventative measures, with the majority of government programmes falling into the former category.Because the major threat is perceived to emanate from the activities of foreign drug-trafficking networks operating inside the two countries, the focus has been on strengthening intra-regional and international cooperation.

TheCaribbeanCommunityCaricom, of which Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago are members) has undertaken several steps to deal with security issues. In 1983, a regional security system was established in the easternCaribbean,CoveringBarbados and the six independent members of the OECS. TheCaricom Regional Task Force onCrime and Security (RTFCS), established in 2001, drew attention to the linkages within the region between drug trafficking and crime, and their overall impact on national and regional security. It encouraged the formulation of national crime control master plans and national crime commissions.
On an international level, military training agreements exist with the US and the UK. The defence forces of severalCaricom countries (including Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago) have received financial and technical assistance from the US.
But the effectiveness of domestic and internationally assisted security programmes is hampered by deficiencies in the criminal justice systems in both countries.Estimated to be less than 1%, the conviction rate for murders in Trinidad and Tobago is very low.Both theDirector of Public Prosecutions and the country’s chief magistrate admitted in 2007 that witness intimidation was having a severe negative impact on criminal justice proceedings. The LawAssociation of Trinidad and Tobago has described the current state of the criminal justice system as being "in virtual collapse".
The response from the government has been for the prime minister, Patrick Manning, to call for the reinstatement of the death penalty, a move that has been condemned by international human rights organisations such asAmnesty International.
Until the weak criminal justice systems are reformed, the impact of law enforcement initiatives will continue to be constraineD、Further, without broader successes in combating drug trafficking and stemming consumer demand coming from the US andEurope, the drivers of much of the crime in theCaribbean will remain in place, and the economic costs to these countries will mount. The vicious circle of poverty, social exclusion and a lack of formal-sector opportunity that fuels gang membership also need to be addressed if the deterioration in security is to be reverseD、
In the sentence "It encouraged the formulation of national crime control master plans", the pronoun "it" refers to ______.A．national and regional security
B．theCaricom Regional Task Force onCrime and Security
C．regional security system
D．drug trafficking and crime