EuropEAn sEttlEmEnt oF northAmEriCA
1 thE lArgE-sCAlE sEttlEmEnt oF northAmEriCA ByEuropEAns BEgAn in thE sEvEntEEnth CEntury. FrAnCE took thE EArly lEAD in thE ContEst For thE tEmpErAtE rEgions oF northAmEriCA、in 1608, thE First pErmAnEnt FrEnCh Colony wAs EstABlishED At quEBEC、in 1682, lA sAllE ExplorED thE mississippi rivEr AnD ClAimED thE EntirE rivEr systEm For FrAnCE.But DEspitE thEsE EArly suCCEssEs, thErE wErE nEvEr Enough FrEnCh sEttlErs to mAkE FrEnCh northAmEriCA A lArgE CEntEr oF populAtion.
2 thEDutCh unDEr hEnry huDson ExplorED thE EAstErn CoAst oF thE ContinEnt AnD ClAimED A lArgE ArEA, inCluDing thE rivEr thAt wAs nAmED AFtEr him. thEDutCh Colony oF nEw nEthErlAnDs stArtED with A FEw trADing posts on thE huDson rivEr, whErE nEw yorkCity is now loCAtED, AnD ExpAnDED into EntErprisEs in nEw jErsEy,DElAwArE AnDConnECtiCut. thEDutCh sEttlEmEnts suFFErED A lot oF CompEtition From thEEnglish, AnD EvEntuAlly thEDutCh govErnor wAs ForCED to surrEnDEr AllDutCh lAnDs to thEEnglish.
3EnglAnD’s CommErCiAl AnD politiCAl growth At homE soon gAvE it thE lEAD in thE ColoniAl rACE, But this suCCEss CAmE only AFtEr somE EArly lossEs, suCh As thE FAilED Colony on roAnokE islAnD、thE First suCCEss ForEnglAnD wAs in 1607 At jAmEstown. thErE wErE Also pErmAnEnt ColoniEs FArthEr north, in thE ArEA known As nEwEnglAnD、
4 thE ColoniEs oF northAmEriCA grEw DrAmAtiCAlly BEyonD thE First sEttlEmEnts At quEBEC AnD jAmEstown. populAtion FigurEs For thE sEvEntEEnth CEntury show thAt in 1625 thErE wErE ArounD 500 sEttlErs in FrEnChCAnADA AnD 200 inDutCh sEttlEmEnts, But thErE wErE 2,000 in thEEnglish ColoniEs. FiFty yEArs lAtEr, thEEnglish hAD ABsorBED thEDutCh ColoniEs.By 1700, nEw FrAnCE hAD ArounD 20,000 pEoplE, But thEEnglish ColoniEs hAD A quArtEr oF A million.
5 thEEuropEAn ConquEst oF northAmEriCA ContriButED to intErnAtionAl ConFliCt. in thE sEvEntEEnth AnD EightEEnth CEnturiEs, thEEuropEAn powErs Fought sEvErAl wArs in northAmEriCA、most oF thEsE ConFliCts wErE ExtEnsions oF wArs tAking plACE inEuropE At thE sAmE timE, But somE wErE stArtED By thE Colonists thEmsElvEs. thE ConFliCts---EspECiAlly thosE BEtwEEnEnglAnD AnD FrAnCE--wErE mostly ovEr CommErCiAl intErEsts AnD signAlED thE intEnsE rivAlry For Control oF northAmEriCAn lAnD AnD rEsourCEs.
whAt CAn BE inFErrED ABout thE rElAtionship BEtwEEn thEDutCh AnDEnglish ColoniEsA．thEDutCh AnD thEEnglish wErE EACh othEr’s lArgEst trADing pArtnErs.
B．thEDutCh sEttlED in ArEAs whErE thEEnglish hAD FAilED EArliEr.
C．thEDutCh AnD thEEnglish CompEtED For lAnD, AnD thEEnglish prEvAilED、
D．thEDutCh joinED ForCEs with thE FrEnCh to Fight AgAinst thEEnglis