In (66) the strength of the carrier signal is varied to represent binary 1 or 0. (67) is a system that can map a name to an address and conversely an address to al name. (68) is a three-way handshaking authentication protocol that it’s packets are encapsulated in the point-to-point protocol. (69) is an approach that enables anATM switch to behave like a LAN switch. (70) is an guided media which is made of glass or plastic and transmits signals in the form of light.