intErnEt,E-mAil AnD similAr ElECtroniC ConnECtions oFFEr A FAr wiDEr grounD For sCholArly CommuniCAtion, BECAusE A rEsEArChEr CAn post thE BEginnings oF A thEory, rECEivE CommEnts on it From pEErs, inCorporAtE nEw iDEAs AnD AltEr thE DEtAils ovEr AnD ovEr until it is right.ElECtroniC nEtworks EnABlE sCholArly puBlishing to imitAtE thE intEllECtuAl proCEss morE ClosEly. thE unit oF trAnsACtion will BEComE thE iDEA, not just A CollECtion oF ArtiClEs. this DynAmiC, FluiD progrEssion oF An iDEA known As "sCholArly skywriting" is possiBlE, BECAusE thE spEED AnD rEACh oF ElECtroniC mEssAging "morE ClosEly mAtCh thE nAturAl BiologiCAl spEED oF humAn thought". whEn writing A pApEr, sAys hArnAD, hE is ABlE instAntly to inCorporAtE thE ForCEs oF thE nEt into thE CrEAtivE proCEss. in onE pArt oF his ComputEr will BEE-mAilED CommEnts From CollEAguEs, in AnothEr will BE his own notEs, in yEt AnothEr his prEvious pApErs--AnD At Any timE, hE CAn lAunCh into thE nEt to FinD A nEw rEsourCE or pApEr, sEnD oFF A thought to A CommEntAtor or Ask A quEstion, All As iF thEy wErE in thE sAmE room. this nEw Form oF sCholArship CoulD CAusE proBlEms with Copyrights, howEvEr. with so mAny voiCEs involvED in proDuCtion oF A nEw iDEA, it’’s morE DiFFiCult thAn EvEr to pin Down ExACtly who shoulD rECEivE CrEDit For it. somE sCholArs BEliEvE thAt thE storAgE oF DoCumEnts As DisEmBoDiED ElECtroniC signAls will grADuAlly AltEr thE struCturE oF knowlEDgE. "mAnusCripts" will inCrEAsingly BE "livE", ChAnging As thE Author rEturns to thE ComputEr AnD othEr sCholArs oFFEr thEir CommEnts in thE mArgins. it will BE possiBlE to upDAtE AnD mAssAgE (篡改) DoCumEnts without inCrEAsED Cost, so thAt thE notion oF A BounD Book CoulD BEComE oBsolEtE.EvEn thE iDEA oF Authorship CoulD ChAngE. in thE long run, thE nEw inFormAtion tEChnologiEs mAy FunDAmEntAlly AltEr CrEAtivity itsElF. nowADAys, muCh oF thE proCEss oF sCholArship--thE tEsting oF An iDEA AnD thE suBsEquEnt pEEr CommEntAry--tAkEs plACE in privAtE; only thE puBliCAtion oF A FinAl mAnusCript is A puBliC EvEnt. thEn, whAt ABout sCiEntiFiC journAlsAt A wiDEr lEvEl, thErE sEEms to BE growing ACknowlEDgEmEnt thAt thE mAin oF journAls in FuturE will BE to proviDE rEsEArCh pApErs with A guArAntEE oF quAlity AnD ADDED EDitoriAl vAluE--in tErms oF mAking sCiEnCE morE rEADABlE, AnD plACing it within A wiDEr pErspECtivE For ExAmplE--whilE thEir trADitionAl rolE As A DistriBution outlEt will BEComE lEss importAnt. By "sCholArly skywriting", thE Author mEAns sCholArs _________.
A、gEt nEw iDEAs From DisCussions through ElECtroniC nEtworks
B、hAvE thEir sCiEntiFiC pApErs opEnly puBlishED on thE nEt
C．ArE FrEE to ExprEss thEir iDEAs on thE linE
D．CrEAtE, polish AnD puBlish thEir iDEAs on thE linE