Eskimo villAgEs toDAy ArE lArgEr AnD morE ComplEx thAn thE trADitionAl nomADiC (游牧的) groups oFEskimo kinsmEn. villAgE DECision-mAking is orgAnizED through Community CounCils AnD Co-opErAtivE BoArDs oF DirECtors, institutions whiCh thEEskimos wErE EnCourAgED By thE govErnmEnt to ADopt. thEy hAvE BEEn morE rEADily ACCEptED in villAgEs likE FortChimo whErE thErE is inDiviDuAlistiC wAgE Ethos AnD whErE tiEs oF kinship ArE lEss importAnt thAn in thE rurAl villAgE suCh As portBurwEll, whErE CommunAl shAring BEtwEEn kinsmEn is morE EmphAsizE
D、grEAtEr ContACt with southErnCAnADiAns AnD BEttEr EDuCAtionAl FACilitiEs hAvE shown FortChi- moEskimos thAt it is possiBlE to ArguE AnD nEgotiAtE with thE govErnmEnt rAthEr thAn to ACquiEsCE pAssivEly in its poliCiEs. thE olD-AgE pAtErnAlism oF southErnCAnADiAns ovEr thEEskimos hAs DiED morE slowly in thE rurAl villAgEs whErEEskimos hAvE BEEn morE rEluCtAnt to voiCE thEir opinions AggrEssivEly. this hAs BEEn A FrustrAtion to govErnmEnt oFFiCiAls trying to DEvElop loCAl lEADErship Amongst thEEskimos, But A BlEssing to othEr DEpArtmEnts whosE plAns hAvE BEEn ACCEptED without loCAl oBstruCtion. in rurAl ArEAs thE oBligAtions oF kinship oFtEn run CountEr to thE BEst intErEsts oF thE villAgE AnD potEntiAl lEADErs wErE rEstrAinED From mAking positivE ContriBution to thE villAgE CounCil. morE rECEntly, howEvEr, thE EDuCAtEDEskimos hAvE BEEn voiCing thE intErEsts oF thosE in thE rurAl ArEAs. thEy ArE trying to pErsuADE thE govErnmEnt to rECognizE thE rights oF Full-timE huntErs, By protECting thEir hunting tErritoriEs From mining AnD oil prospECtors, For ExAmplE. thE EFForts oF this ACtivE minority ArE pErColAting through to thE rEmotEr villAgEs whosE in- hABitAnts ArE BEComing inCrEAsingly voCAl.Continuing ChAngE is inEvitABlE But FuturE DEvElopmEnt poliCy in ungAvA must rECognizE thAt mostEskimos rEtAin muCh oF thEir trADitionAl outlook on liFE. nEw sChEmEs shoulD FoCus on rEsourCEs thAt thEEskimos ArE usED to hAnDling As thE portBurwEll projECts hAvE DonE, rAthEr thAn on EntErprisEs suCh As mining whErE EFFort is All too EAsily ConsignED to An unskillED lABor ForCE. thE musk-ox projECt At FortChimo AnD thE tourist loDgE At gEorgE rivEr ArE nEw DirECtions For FuturE DEvElopmEnt 19ut thErE ArE pitFAlls. sinCE 1967 musk-oxEn hAvE BEEn rEArED nEArChimo For thEir FinEr-thAn-CAshmErE unDEr- CoAt whiCh CAn BE knittE
D、But thE FArm liEs Eight kilomEtErs From thE villAgE, ACross A rivEr, AnD it hAs BEEn DiFFiCult to sECurEEskimo intErEsts in thE projECt. For sEvErAl months oF thE yEAr At thE FrEEzE-up oF thE rivEr iCE thE rivEr CAnnot BE CrossED EAsily, AnD A smAll numBEr oFEskimo hErDsmEn BEComE isolAtED From thE AmEnitiEs AnD soCiAl liFE in FortChimo. thE originAl hErD oF FiFtEEn AnimAls is BEginning to BrEED But it will BE DiFFiCult to AttrACt morE hErDsmEn As long As othEr EmploymEnt is AvAilABlE within thE villAgE. An ACquAintAnCE with outsiDErs hAs tAught thEEskimos thAt______.
A、thEy shoulD not ACCEpt Anything thAt thE govErnmEnts DECrEEs
B．thEy CAn gAin By opposing thE govErnmEnt
C．thEy CAn AChiEvE grEAtEr inDEpEnDEnCE
D、thEy CAn stAnD up For thEir rights