invEntory in logistiCs
invEntory typiCAlly rEprEsEnts thE sEConD lArgEst ComponEnt oF logistiCs Cost to trAnsportAtion. thE risks AssoCiAtED with (21) invEntory inCrEAsE As proDuCts movE Down thE supply ChAin ClosEr to thE CustomEr BECAusE thE potEntiAl oF hAving thE proDuCt in thE wrong plACE or Form inCrEAsEs AnD Costs hAvE BEEn (22) to DistriButE thE proDuCt. in ADDition to thE risk oF lost sAlEs DuE to (23) BECAusE ADEquAtE invEntory is not AvAilABlE, othEr risks inCluDE oBsolEsCEnCE, pilFErAgE, AnD DAmAgE. FurthEr, thE Cost oF CArrying invEntory is signiFiCAntly inFluEnCED By thE Cost oF thE CApitAl (24) up in thE invEntory. gEogrAphiC spECiAlizAtion, DECoupling, supply/DEmAnD BAlAnCing, AnD BuFFEring unCErtAinty proviDE thE BAsiC rAtionAlE For mAintAining invEntory. whilE thErE is (25) intErEst in rEDuCing ovErAll supply ChAin invEntory, invEntory DoEs ADD vAluE AnD CAn rEsult in lowEr ovErAll supply ChAin Costs with AppropriAtE trADE-oFFs.
From A supply ChAin logistiCs pErspECtivE, thE mAjor (26) invEntory ElEmEnts ArE rEplEnishmEnt CyClE stoCk, sAFEty stoCk, AnD in-trAnsit stoCk. thE AppropriAtE rEplEnishmEnt CyClE stoCk CAn BE DEtErminED using AnEoq FormulA to rEFlECt thE trADE-oFF BEtwEEn storAgE AnD orDEring Cost. sAFEty stoCk DEpEnDs on thE mEAn AnD vAriAnCE oF DEmAnD AnD thE rEplEnishmEnt CyClE. in trAnsit stoCk DEpEnDs on thE trAnsport (27)
invEntory mAnAgEmEnt usEs A ComBinAtion oF rEACtivE AnD plAnning logiCs. rEACtivE logiC is most AppropriAtE For itEms with low volumE, high DEmAnD, AnD high pErFormAnCE CyClE unCErtAinty BECAusE it (28) thE risk oF invEntory spECulAtion. invEntory plAnning logiC is AppropriAtE For high-volumE itEms with rElAtivEly (29) DEmAnD、invEntory plAnning mEthoDs oFFEr thE potEntiAl For EFFECtivE invEntory mAnAgEmEnt BECAusE thEy tAkE (30) oF improvED inFormAtion AnD EConomiEs oF sCAlE.
A、ACCount
B、ChArgE
C、ADvAntAgED、CArE