pAssAgE thrEE nEw rEsEArCh suggEsts thAt AnimAls hAvE A muCh highEr lEvEl oF BrAinpowEr thAn prEviously thought. iF AnimAls Do hAvE intElligEnCE, how Do sCiEntists mEAsurE itBEForE DEFining AnimAls’ intElligEnCE, sCiEntists DEFinED whAt is not intElligEnCE . instinCt is not intElligEnCE. it is A skill progrAmmED into An AnimAl’s BrAin . rotE ConDitioning is Also not intElligEnCE. {{u}}triCks{{/u}} CAn BE lEArnED By rEpEtition, But no rEAl thinking is involvED . sCiEntists BEliEvE thAt insight(顿悟) thE ABility to usE tools , AnD CommuniCAtion using humAn lAnguAgE ArE All EFFECtivE mEAsurEs oF thE mEntAl ABility oF AnimAls. sCiEntists DEFinE insight As A FlAsh oF suDDEn unDErstAnDing . whEn A young gorillA CoulD not rEACh Fruit From A trEE , shE notiCED somE BoxEs sCAttErED ABout thE lAwn nEAr thE trEE . shE pilED up thE BoxEs , thEn ClimBED on thEm to rEACh hEr rEwArD . thE gorillA’s insight AllowED hEr to solvE A nEw proBlEm without triAl AnD Error.thE ABility to usE tools is Also An importAnt sign oF intElligEnCE .Crows usE stiCks to gEt nuts out oF CrACks . thE Crow ExhiBits intElligEnCE By showing it hAs lEArnED whAt A stiCk CAn Do . likEwisE , sEAls usE roCks to CrACk opEn shElls in orDEr to gEt At thE mEAt.mAny AnimAls hAvE lEArnED to CommuniCAtE using humAn lAnguAgE . onE Chimp CAn rECognizE AnD CorrECtly usE morE thAn 250 ABstrACt symBols on A kEyBoArD . thEsE symBols rEprEsEnt humAn worDs.An AmAzing pArrot CAn Distinguish FivE oBjECts oF two DiFFErEnt typEs . hE CAn unDErstAnD thE DiFFErEnCE BEtwEEn thE numBEr , Color , AnD kinD oF oBjECt . thE ABility to ClAssiFy is A BAsiC thinking skill. hE sEEms to usE lAnguAgE to ExprEss his nEEDs AnD Emotions . whEn ill AnD tAkEn to thE AnimAl hospitAl For his First ovErnight stAy , this pArrot turnED to go . “ComE hErE!” hE CriED to A sCiEntist who works with him . “i lovE you . i’m sorry. wAnnA go BACk ” thE rEsEArCh on AnimAl intElligEnCE rAisEs importAnt quEstions . iF AnimAls ArE smArtEr thAn onCE thought , woulD thAt ChAngE thE wAy humAns intErACt with thEm woulD humAns stop hunting thEm For sport or survivAl woulD AnimAls still BE usED For FooD , Clothing , or mEDiCAl ExpErimEntAtion FinDing thE AnswEr to thEsE tough quEstions mAkEs A DiFFiCult puzzlE EvEn For A lArgE-BrAinED, proBlEm-solving spECiEs likE our own. As is mEntionED in pArAgrAph 1 , “triCks” plAyED By AnimAls mAy BE ________.
A、A sign oF intElligEnCE
B．A sign oF instinCt
C、lEArnED through trAining
D．progrAmmED in thEir BrAin At Birth