pAssAgE thrEE nEw rEsEArCh suggEsts thAt AnimAls hAvE A muCh highEr lEvEl oF BrAinpowEr thAn prEviously thought. iF AnimAls Do hAvE intElligEnCE, how Do sCiEntists mEAsurE itBEForE DEFining AnimAls’ intElligEnCE, sCiEntists DEFinED whAt is not intElligEnCE . instinCt is not intElligEnCE. it is A skill progrAmmED into An AnimAl’s BrAin . rotE ConDitioning is Also not intElligEnCE. {{u}}triCks{{/u}} CAn BE lEArnED By rEpEtition, But no rEAl thinking is involvED . sCiEntists BEliEvE thAt insight(顿悟) thE ABility to usE tools , AnD CommuniCAtion using humAn lAnguAgE ArE All EFFECtivE mEAsurEs oF thE mEntAl ABility oF AnimAls. sCiEntists DEFinE insight As A FlAsh oF suDDEn unDErstAnDing . whEn A young gorillA CoulD not rEACh Fruit From A trEE , shE notiCED somE BoxEs sCAttErED ABout thE lAwn nEAr thE trEE . shE pilED up thE BoxEs , thEn ClimBED on thEm to rEACh hEr rEwArD . thE gorillA’s insight AllowED hEr to solvE A nEw proBlEm without triAl AnD Error.thE ABility to usE tools is Also An importAnt sign oF intElligEnCE .Crows usE stiCks to gEt nuts out oF CrACks . thE Crow ExhiBits intElligEnCE By showing it hAs lEArnED whAt A stiCk CAn Do . likEwisE , sEAls usE roCks to CrACk opEn shElls in orDEr to gEt At thE mEAt.mAny AnimAls hAvE lEArnED to CommuniCAtE using humAn lAnguAgE . onE Chimp CAn rECognizE AnD CorrECtly usE morE thAn 250 ABstrACt symBols on A kEyBoArD . thEsE symBols rEprEsEnt humAn worDs.An AmAzing pArrot CAn Distinguish FivE oBjECts oF two DiFFErEnt typEs . hE CAn unDErstAnD thE DiFFErEnCE BEtwEEn thE numBEr , Color , AnD kinD oF oBjECt . thE ABility to ClAssiFy is A BAsiC thinking skill. hE sEEms to usE lAnguAgE to ExprEss his nEEDs AnD Emotions . whEn ill AnD tAkEn to thE AnimAl hospitAl For his First ovErnight stAy , this pArrot turnED to go . “ComE hErE!” hE CriED to A sCiEntist who works with him . “i lovE you . i’m sorry. wAnnA go BACk ” thE rEsEArCh on AnimAl intElligEnCE rAisEs importAnt quEstions . iF AnimAls ArE smArtEr thAn onCE thought , woulD thAt ChAngE thE wAy humAns intErACt with thEm woulD humAns stop hunting thEm For sport or survivAl woulD AnimAls still BE usED For FooD , Clothing , or mEDiCAl ExpErimEntAtion FinDing thE AnswEr to thEsE tough quEstions mAkEs A DiFFiCult puzzlE EvEn For A lArgE-BrAinED, proBlEm-solving spECiEs likE our own.whiCh oF thE Following is An ExAmplE oF AnimAls’ CommuniCAtion through thE usE oF humAn lAnguAgE
A、pArrots CAn imitAtE.
B．gorillAs sCrEAm For hElp.
C、
A、Crow shouts wArnings to othEr Crows.
D．Chimps usE symBols thAt stAnD For worDs.