职称英语考试

试题来源：职称英语模拟题-综合类-阅读理解

Early or Later Day Care

The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintainsthat separation from the parents during the sensitive "attachment"period from birth to three may scar a child's personality and predispose toemotional problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion fromBowlby's work that children should not be subjected to day care before the ageof three because of the parental separation it entails, and many people dobelieve this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion.

Firstly, anthropologists point out that theinsulated love affair between children and parents found in modern societiesdoes not usually exist in traditional societies. For example, in some tribalsocieties, such as the Ngoni, the father and mother of a child did not reartheir infant alone - far from it. Secondly, common sense tells us that day carewould not be so widespread today if parents, care-takers found children hadproblems with it. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carriedout, and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neutral or slightlypositive effect on children's development. But tests that have had to be usedto measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue.

But Bowlby's analysis raises the possibilitythat early day care has delayed effects. The possibility that such care mightlead to, say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only beexplored by the use of statistics. Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimesfind the immediate effects difficult to deal with. Children under three arelikely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness. At the age ofthree or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nurseryeasy, and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child careat this time. The matter, then, is far from clear-cut, though experience andavailable evidence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants.

练习：

1. Which of the following statements wouldBowlby support?

A) Statistical studies should be carried out toassess the positive effect of day care for children at the age of three orolder.

B) Early day care can delay the occurrence ofmental illness in children.

C) The first three years of one's life isextremely important to the later development of personality.

D) Children under three get used to the life atnursery schools more readily than children over three.

2. Which of the following is derivable fromBowlby's work?

A) mothers should not send their children today care centers until they are three years or older.

B) Day care nurseries have positive effects ona child's development.

C) A child sent to a day care center before theage of three may have emotional problems in later life.

D) Day care would not be so popular if it hasnoticeable effects on a child's personality.

3. It is suggested that modern societies differfrom traditional societies in that

A) the parents-child relationship is moreexclusive in modern societies.

B) a child more often grows up with his/herbrothers or sisters in traditional societies.

C) mother brings up children with the help ofher husband in traditional societies.

D) children in modern societies are more likelyto develop mental illness in later years.

4. Which of the following statements is NOT anargument against Bowlby's theory?

A) many studies show that day care has apositive effect on children's development.

B) Day care is safe, otherwise there wouldn'tbe so many nursery schools.

C) Separation from parent for very youngchildren is common in some traditional societies.

D) Parents find the immediate effects of earlyday care difficult to deal with.

5. Which of the following best expresses thewriter's attitude towards early day care?

A) Children under three should stay with heirparents.

B) Early day care has positive effects onchildren's development.

C) The issue is controversial and itssettlement calls for the use of statistics.

D) The effects of early day care on childrenare exaggerated and parents should ignore the issue.

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网考网参考答案：C、A、A、D、C
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大数据分析：根据网考网与考试题库的统计，该试题：
0%的考友选择了A选项
56%的考友选择了B选项
0%的考友选择了C选项
44%的考友选择了D选项
考友解析与评论：
 · 没读清题就选了，多么简单的一题啊
 · 我也选错了，不过这个题书上有原话
 · 大家看教材，书上原话