职称英语考试

试题来源：职称英语模拟题-综合类-阅读理解

Phobia

Phobia is intense and persistent fear of aspecific object, situation, or activity. Because of this intense and persistentfear, the phobic person often leads a constricted life. The anxiety istypically out of proportion to the real situation, and the victim is fullyaware that the fear is irrational.

Phobic anxiety is distinguishable from otherforms of anxiety only in that it occurs specifically in relation to a certainobject or situation. This anxiety is characterized by physiological symptomssuch as a rapid, pounding heartbeat, stomach disorders, nausea, diarrhea,frequent urination, choking feelings, flushing of the face, perspiration,tremulousness, and faintness. Some phobic people are able to confront theirfears. More commonly, however, they avoid the situation or object that causethe fear---an avoidance that impairs the sufferer's freedom.

Psychiatrists recognize three major types ofphobias. Simple phobias are fears of specific objects or situations such asanimal, closed spaces, and heights. The second type, agoraphobia, is fear ofopen, public places and situations (such as public vehicles and crowdedshopping centers) from which escape is difficult; agoraphobics tendincreasingly to avoid more situations until eventually they become housebound.Social phobias, the third type, are fears of appearing stupid or shameful insocial situations. The simple phobias, especially the fear of animal, may beginin childhood and persist into adulthood. Agoraphobia characteristically beginsin late adolescence or early adulthood, and social phobia is also associatedwith adolescence.

Although agoraphobia is more often seen intreatment than the other types of phobia, it is not believed to be as common assimple phobia. Taken together, the phobias are believed to afflict 5 to 10persons in 100. Agoraphobia and simple phobia are more commonly diagnosed inwomen than in men; the distribution for social phobia is not known. Agoraphobias,social phobias, and animal phobias tend to run in families.

Behavioral techniques have proved successful intreating phobias, especially simple and social phobias. One technique,systematic desensitization, involves gradually confronting the phobic personwith situations or objects that are increasingly close to the feared ones.Exposure therapy, another behavioral method, has recently been shown moreaffective. In this technique, phobics are repeatedly exposed to the fearedsituation or object so that they can see that no harm befalls them; the feargradually fades. Antianxiety drugs have also been used as palliatives.Antidepressant drugs have also proved successful in treating some phobias.

1. According to the passage, a phobic personhas fear

A) because he thinks life is terrible.

B) because the things before him are reallyfearful.

C) even if he knows that his fear isunnecessary.

D) for he is always threatened by others.

2. All the following symptoms may beexperienced by a phobic EXCETP

A) sweating.

B) trembling.

C) forgetting things.

D) feeling like vomiting.

3. When faced with the object or situation theyare afraid of, most phobics

A) try to stay away from the object orsituation.

B) try to pick up courage and fight the objector situation.

C) go to their doctors so as to gain freedom.

D) know that their fears are the same withother forms of anxiety.

4. People suffering from agoraphobia may beafraid of

A) staying with dogs and cats.

B) taking the bus in rush hours.

C) standing on top of a high building.

D) staying alone at home.

5. Systematic desensitization and exposuretherapy are similar ways of treating phobias

A) because both involve gradual exposure ofphobics to fear stimuli

B) because both are behavioral methods.

C) because both use antianxiety drugs.

D) because both use antidepressant drugs.

试题出处：http://www.examtiku.com/shiti/1630218591.html
网考网参考答案：C、C、A、B、B
网考网解析：进入考试题库查看解析
大数据分析：根据网考网与考试题库的统计，该试题：
86%的考友选择了A选项
4%的考友选择了B选项
3%的考友选择了C选项
7%的考友选择了D选项
考友解析与评论：
 · 不注意就选错了,其实这条是会的.坑人的题目.
 · 这题不解，原来选C、C、A、B、B，感觉没错啊
 · 我也选了C、C、A、B、B到底对不对