职称英语考试

试题来源：2013年职称英语等级考试真题（理工类A级）
【单选题】

Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More Light
Solar photovoltaic thermal energy systems, or PVTs, generate both heat and electricity, but ____(51)____ now they haven’t been very good at the heat-generating part compared to a stand-alone solar thermal collector. That’s because they operate at low temperatures to cool crystalline silicon solar cells, ____(52)____ lets the silicon generate more electricity but isn’t a very efficient way to gather heat.
That’s a problem of economics. Good solar hot-water systems can harvest much more energy than a solar-electric system at a substantially lower ____(53)____.And it’s also a space problem: photovoltaic cells can ____(54)____ up all the space on the roof, leaving little room for thermal applications.
In a pair of studies, Joshua Pearce, an associate professor of materials science and engineering, has devised a ____(55)____ in the form of a better PVT made with a different kind of silicon. His research collaborators are Kunal Girotra from Thin Silicon in California and Michael Pathak and Stephen Harrison from Queen’s University, Canada.
Most solar panels are made with crystalline silicon, but you can also make solar cells out of amorphous silicon, commonly known ____(56)____ thin-film silicon. They don’t create as much electricity, but they are lighter, flexible, and cheaper. And, because they ____(57)____ much less silicon, they have a greener footprint. ____(58)____, thin-film silicon solar cells are vulnerable to some bad-news physics in the form of the Staebler-Wronski effect.
“That means that their efficiency drops when you ____(59)____ them to light — pretty much the worst possible effect for a solar cell,” Pearce explains, which is one of the ____(60)____ thin- film solar panels make up only a small fraction of the market.
However, Pearce and his team found a ____(61)____ to engineer around the Staebler-Wronski effect by incorporating thin-film silicon in a new ____(62)____ of PVT. You don’t have to cool down thin-film silicon to make it work. In fact, Pearce’s group discovered that by heating it to solar-thermal operating temperatures, near the boiling ____(63)____ of water, they could make thicker cells that largely ____(64)____ the Staebler-Wronski effect. When they applied the thin-film silicon directly to a solar thermal energy collector, they also found that by baking the cell once a day, they ____(65)____ the solar cell’s electrical efficiency by over 10 percent.
51. A. until            B. unless             C. when             D. if
52. A. what             B. which             C. that             D. who
53. A. reward             B. bill             C. pay             D. cost
54. A. move             B. set             C. live             D. take
55. A. decision             B. suggestion             C. solution             D. qualification
56. A. for             B. by             C. with             D. as
57. A. retrieve             B. merge             C. require             D. exchange 9
58. A. Unfortunately             B. Certainly             C. Luckily             D. Immediately
59. A. cover             B. relate             C. face             D. expose
60. A. restrictions             B. advances             C. reasons             D. strengths
61. A. part             B. result             C. subject             D. way
62. A. type             B. size             C. shape             D. brand
63. A. area             B. point             C. place             D. extent
64. A. promoted             B. improved             C. overcame             D. asserted
65. A. boosted             B. defined             C. wasted             D. lower 

网考网参考答案：A、B、D、D、C、D、C、A、D、C、D、A、B、C、A
大数据分析：根据网考网与考试题库的统计分析，该试题：
63%的考友选择了A选项
36%的考友选择了B选项
0%的考友选择了C选项
1%的考友选择了D选项
考友解析与评论：
 · 大家看教材，书上原话
 · 我做了好几遍答案都是A、B、D、D、C、D、C、A、D、C、D、A、B、C、A
 · 应该是A、B、D、D、C、D、C、A、D、C、D、A、B、C、A啊