职称英语在线答题

每日一练：职称英语综合类每日一练(2015-6-29)
【单选题】

Ulcers

Even though ulcers appear to run in families,lifestyle plays more of a role than genetic factors in causing the illness,according to a report in the April 13th Journal of Internal Medicine. Inparticular, smoking and stress in men and the regular use of pain-releasingmedicines in women were linked with an increased risk of developing an ulcer.

Overall, 61% of ulcer risk appears to be due toenvironmental factors, such as smoking, and the remaining 39% is due to genesaccording to Dr. Ismo Raiha of the University of Turky and colleagues at theUniversity of Helsinki, Finland. Some researchers had suggested that familiesmay spread Helicobacteria pylori, the bacteria that can cause ulcers. However,the new study suggests this is unlikely, according to the report.

Raiha and colleagues studied data from morethan 13,000 pairs of twins "to examine the roles of genetic andenvironmental factors in the origin of peptic ulcer disease," theyexplain. Both twins were more likely to develop an ulcer if the pair weregenetically the same as compared with a pair of fraternal twins, suggestingthat there must be some genetic susceptibility to ulcer development.

However, the risk was no greater in twinsliving together compared with twins living apart, suggesting that sharedexposure to H. pylori was not to blame. "Environment effects were not dueto factors shared by family members, and they were related to smoking andstress in men and the use of analgesics in women," the authors wrote."The minor effects of shared environment to disease liability do notsupport the concept that the grouping of risk factors, such as H. pyloriinfection, would explain the genetic factor of peptic ulcer disease," theyconcluded.

1. According to the passage, which of thefollowing is a very likely cause of ulcer in men?

A) Smoking and stress.

B) Drinking and smoking.

C) Genes and children.

D) Use of a certain medicine.

2. What factors contribute to over half theulcers?

A) Hereditary factors.

B) Economic factors.

C) Environmental factors.

D) Genetic factors.

3. In relation to ulcers, experts study twinsin order to examine

A) the roles of genetic factors.

B) the roles of environmental factors.

C) the roles of both factors.

D) the roles of brotherhood.

4. What does "environmental effects"in the fifth paragraph refer to?

A) A clean environment with no smoke and dustsurrounding the living area.

B) Smoking and stress in men and use ofpain-killing medicine in Women.

C) Factors shared by family members such asgenes and the food they eat.

D) Shared exposure to H. pylori infection inthe unclean environment.

5. The passage argues that

A) ulcers are related to genes.

B) ulcers are related to lifestyle.

C) ulcers appear in men and women.

D) ulcers are caused by pylori infection.