职称英语习题练习

职称英语考试理工类每日一练(2015-10-23)
1题:
In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed.
A result
B judgment
C decision
D event
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2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16题:

Highways in the United States

The United States is well-known for its network of major highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in the shortest possible time. __1__ these wide modern roads are generally __2__ and well maintained, with few sharp curves and __3__ straight sections, a direct route is not always the most __4__ one. Large highways often pass __5__ scenic areas and interesting small towns. Furthermore, these highways generally __6__ large urban centers which means that they become crowded with __7__ traffic during rush hours, __8__ the "fast, direct" way becomes a very slow route. However, there is almost always another route to __9__ if you are not in a hurry. Not for from the relatively new "superhighways", there are often older, __10__ heavily traveled roads which go through the countryside. __11__ are good lane roads; others are uneven roads curving __12__ the country. These secondary routes may go up steep slopes, along hilly cliffs or down frightening hillsides to towns __13__ in deep valleys. Though these are less __14__ routes, longer and slower, they generally go to places __15__ the air is clean and the scenery is beautiful, and the driver may have a chance to get a fresh, clean view of the world.

1.

A) Although

B) But

C) Since

D) Because

2.

A) uneven

B) bumpy

C) rough

D) smooth

3.

A) little

B) much

C) many

D) few

4.

A) terrible

B) horrible

C) tolerable

D) enjoyable

5.

A) to

B) into

C) at

D) by

6.

A) merge

B) connect

C) combine

D) mix

7.

A) busy

B) small

C) large

D) heavy

8.

A) when

B) where

C) which

D) that

9.

A) walk

B) go

C) take

D) fix

10.

A) more

B) less

C) very

D) extremely

11.

A) All of these

B) None of these

C) All roads

D) Some of these

12.

A) out of

B) out

C) through

D) from

13.

A) lying

B) lie

C) lies

D) lay

14.

A) direct

B) indirect

C) enjoyable

D) beautiful

15.

A) these

B) which

C) that

D) where


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17题:The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in September.
A. play
B. show
C. send
D. tell
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18题:
Everybody was glad to see Mary back
A.sorry
B.sad
C.happy
D.angry
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19、20、21、22、23、24、25题:Where Has the Salt Come from?
Every now and then, we meet a fact about our earth that makes us feel strange and no answer for the fact has yet been found. Such a fact is the existence of salt in the oceans. How did it get there?
We simply do not know how the salt got into the ocean! We do know, of course, that salt is water-soluble, and so passes into the oceans with rainwater. The salt of the earth's surface is constantly being dissolved (溶解) and is passing into the ocean.
But we do not know whether this can explain the huge quantity of salt in oceans, if all the oceans were dried up, enough salt would be left to build a wall 180 miles high and a mile thick. Such a wall would reach once around the world at the Equator (赤道)!
The common salt that we all use is produced from seawater or the water of salt lakes, from salt springs (源泉) and from deposits of rock salt. The concentration (浓度) of salt in seawater ranges from about three per cent to three-and-one-half percent. The Dead Sea, which covers an area of about 340 square miles, contains about 11,600,000,000 tons of salt!
On the average, a gallon (加仑) of seawater contains about a quarter of a pound of salt. The beds of rock salt that are found in various parts of the world were all originally formed by the evaporation (蒸发) of seawater millions of years ago. It is believed that the thick rock-salt deposits were formed after about nine-tenth of the volume of seawater had been evaporated.
Most commercial salt is obtained from rock salt. The usual method is to drill wells (井) down to the salt beds. Pure "water is pumped down (抽进去) through a pipe. The water dissolves the salt and it is forced through another pipe up to the surface.
16 We have not fully understood how salt got into the ocean.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
17 The author is sure that the dissolved salt from the earth's surface is the only source of the huge quantity of salt found in oceans.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
18 If all the oceans were dried up, the salt thus obtained would be extremely great in size.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
19 The percentage of salt content in the Red Sea is higher than that in the Dead Sea.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
20 Beds of rock salt are found in every part of the world.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
21 After evaporation, about ten percent of seawater becomes rock salt.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
22 Most commercial salt is obtained from seawater.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
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26、27、28、29、30、31、32题:

Mad Scientist Stereotype OutdatedDo people still imagine a physicist as a beardedman in glasses or has the image of the mad scientist changed? The Institute ofPhysics set out to find out whether the stereotype of a physics 'boffin' (科学家)still exists by conducting asurvey on shoppers in London. The people were asked to identify the physicistfrom a photograph of a line-up of possible suspects. 98 percent of those askedgot it wrong. The majority of people picked a white male of around 60, wearingglasses and with a white beard.
While this stereotype mayhave been the image of an average physicist fifty years ago, the reality is nowvery different. Since 1960 the number of young women entering physics hasdoubled and the average age of a physicist is now 31.
The stereotype of theabsent-minded scientist has lasted a long time because the media and Hollywoodhelp promote the image of men in white lab coats with glasses sitting byblackboards full of equations(等式)or working withfizzing (嘶嘶响)test tubes. These stereotypes are reallydamaging to society. Very good school children are put off studying sciencebecause they don't see people like themselves on television or in magazinesdoing science. They simply don't relate to the media's image of the madscientist.
This is one reason why feweryoung people are choosing to do science at university. If we want to encouragemore young people to study science subjects, we need to change this image ofthe scientist and make science careers more attractive. But we must alsodevelop children's interest in science.
In an attempt to change thisnegative image, an increasing number of science festivals are being organized.Thousands of people from secondary schools are also encouraged to take part innationwide science competitions of which the most popular are the nationalscience Olympiads. Winning national teams then get the opportunity to take partin the International Science Olympiads which are held in a different countryevery year. These events are all interesting for the young people who take partbut they only involve a small proportion of students who are already interestedin science. It seems that there is a long way to go before science becomesattractive as subjects like computer studies or fashion and design.
1 Most people have similarideas of what a physicist looks like.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
2 The majority of physicistsin Britain today are Cambridge graduates
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
3 The media and the cinemahave played a role in promoting the image of the mad scientist.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
4 There will be more womenscientists than men scientists in. the future
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
5 More children will studyscience if it becomes more attractive.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
6 The image of the madscientist is really encouraging to society.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
7 The International ScienceOlympiads are held once every two years.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned

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33、34、35、36、37、38、39题:
Wide World of Robots
Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker (修补) with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices. "They're the best toys out there," says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a robotics, a person who designs, builds or programs robots.
When Choset was a kid, he was interested in anything that moved — cars, trains, animals. He put motors on Tinker toy cars to make them move. Later, in high school, he built mobile robots similar to small cars.
Hoping to continue working on robots, he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, Choset's labmates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars: robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward, backward, left and right. But snakes can twist (扭曲) in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain (地形). "Snakes are far more interesting than the cars," Choset concluded.
After he started working at Carnegie Mellon, Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots. Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes, such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl (爬行) through the grass, swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.
But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries, the doctor has to open a patient's chest, cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?
Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati, a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School, to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.
A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for surgeries on people.
Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations, "I still don't get bored of watching the motion of my robots," Choset says.
16. Choset began to build robots in high school.
A. Right                                   B. Wrong                              C. Not mentioned
17. Snake robots could move in only four directions.
A. Right                                   B. Wrong                              C. Not mentioned
18. Choset didn't begin developing his own snake robots until he started working at Carnegie Mellon.
A. Right                                   B. Wrong                              C. Not mentioned
19. Choset's snake robots could make more movements than the ones others developed.
A. Right                                   B. Wrong                              C. Not mentioned
20. The application of a thin robotic snake makes heart surgeries less time-consuming.
A. Right                                   B. Wrong                              C. Not mentioned
21. Zenati tested the robot on people after using it in pigs.
A. Right                                   B. Wrong                              C. Not mentioned
22. The robotic technology for surgeries on people has brought a handsome profit to Medrobotics.
A. Right                                   B. Wrong                              C. Not mentioned
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40题:He endured great pain before he finally expired.
A. fired
B. resigned
C. died
D. retreated
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41、42、43、44、45、46、47题:
A Great Quake Coining?
Everyone who lives in San Francisco knows that earthquakes are common in the Bay Area — and they can be devastating. In 1906, for example, a major quake destroyed about 28.000 buildings and killed hundreds, perhaps thousands of people. Residents now wonder when the next “Big One” will strike. It’s bound to happen someday. At least seven active fault (断层) lines run through the San Francisco area. Faults are places where pieces of Earth’s crust(地壳)slide past each other. When these pieces slip, the ground shakes.
To prepare for that day, scientists are using new techniques to reanalyze the 1906 earthquake and predict how bad the damage might be when the next one happens.
One new finding about the 1906 quake is that the San Andreas fault split apart faster than scientists had assumed at the time. During small earthquakes, faults rupture (断裂) at about 2. 7 kilometers per second. During bigger quakes, however, ruptures can happen at rates faster than 3. 5 kilometers per second.
At such high speeds, massive amounts of pressure build up, generating underground waves that can cause more damage than the quake itself. Lucky for San Francisco, these pressure pulses (脉冲) traveled away from the city during the 1906 event. As bad as the damage was, it could have been far worse.
Looking ahead, scientists are trying to predict when the next major quake will occur. Records show that earthquakes were common before 1906. Since then, the area has been relatively quiet. Patterns in the data, however, suggest that the probability of a major earthquake striking the Bay Area before 2032 is at least 62 percent.
New buildings in San Francisco are quite safe in ease of future quakes. Still, more than 84 percent of the city’s buildings are old and weak. Analyses suggest that another massive earthquake would cause extensive damage.
People who live there today tend to feel safe because San Francisco has remained pretty quiet for a while. According to the new research, however, it’s not a matter of “if” the Big One will hit. It’s just a matter of when.
16.The San Francisco area is located above several active fault lines.
A. Right                        B. Wrong                              C. Not mentioned
17.The 1906 earthquake in San Francisco is the most severe one in American history.
A. Right                        B. Wrong                              C. Not mentioned
18.The highest speed of fault ruptures in the 1906 quake was more than 3.5 kilometers per second.
A. Right                        B. Wrong                              C. Not mentioned
19.Earthquakes rarely happened in San Francisco before 1906.
A. Right                        B. Wrong                              C. Not mentioned
20.San Francisco is fully prepared for another big earthquake.
A. Right                        B. Wrong                              C. Not mentioned
21.Scientists will be able to predict the exact time of an earthquake soon.
A. Right                        B. Wrong                              C. Not mentioned
22.A major earthquake striking San Francisco someday is inevitable.
A. Right                        B. Wrong                              C. Not mentioned
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48题:She seemed to have detected some anger inhis voice.
A.noticed
B.heard
C.realized
D.got
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