| 职称英语考试综合类每日一练（2015-11-3） |
| 第1、2、3、4、5题： The Development of Ballet Ballet is a dance form that has a long history. The fact that it survives to this day shows that it has adjusted as times have changed. Ballet began in the royal courts during the Renaissance. At that time it became common for kings and queens, as well as other nobility, to participate in pageants that included music, poetry, and dance. As these entertainments moved from the Italian courts to the French ones, court ladies began participating in them. Though their long dresses prevented much movement, they were able to perform elaborate walking patterns. It was not until the 1600s that women dancers shortened their skirts, changed to flat shoes, and began doing some of the leaps and turns performed by men. It was also in the 1600s that professional ballet began. King Louis XIV of France, himself a devoted dancer, founded the Royal Academy of Dance. The five basic feet positions from which all ballet steps begin were finalized. In the late 1700s another important change occurred. Ballet began to tell a story on its own. It was no longer simply dance to be performed between acts of plays. Elaborate wigs and costumes were eliminated. By the early 1800s dancers learned to rise on their toes to make it appear that they were floating. Classical ballet as we know it today was influenced primarily by Russian dancing. The Russians remained interested in ballet when it declined in other European countries in the mid-1800s. One of the most influential figures of the early 20th century was Sergei Diaghilev. His dance company, the Ballets Russees, brought a new energy and excitement to ballet. One of his chief assistants, George Balanchine, went on to found the New York City Ballet in 1948 and to influence new generations of dancers. 36、This passage deals mainly with _____. A famous names in ballet B Russian ballet C how ballet has developed D why ballet is no longer popular 37、The word pageants in paragraph 2 means _____. A dances B instructors C royal courts D big shows 38、Professional ballet was first performed in_____. A France B Italy C Russia D America 39、Who had an important influence on early ballet? A Balanchine. B Antoinette. C Louis XIV. D Diaghilev. 40、We can conclude from this passage that ballet _____. A will continue to change as new people and ideas influence it B is a dying art C is currently performed only in Russia D is often performed by dancers with little training |
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| 第6、7、8、9、10题： Three Ways to Become More Creative Most people believe they don't have has imagination. They are wrong. Everyone has imagination, but most of us，once we became adults, forget how to access it. Creativity isn't always connected with great works of art or ideas. People at work and in their free time routinely think of creative ways to solve problems. Maybe you have a goal to achieve，a tricky question to answer or you just want to expand your mind! Here are three techniques to help you. This technique involves taking unrelated ideas and trying to find links between them. First，think about the problem you have to solve or the job you need to do. Then find an image，word，idea or object，for example，a candle. Write down all the ideas/words associated with candles：light，fire，matches, wax，night，silence，etc. Think of as many as you can. The next stage is to relate the ideas to the job you have to do. So imagine you want to buy a friend an original present；you could buy him tickets to a match or take him out for the night. Imagine that normal limitations don't exist. You have as much time/space/money，etc. as you want. Think about your goal and the new possibilities. If，for example，your goal is to learn to ski（滑雪），you can now practice skiing every day of your life (because you have the time and the money). Now adapt this to reality. Maybe you can practice skiing every day in December，or every Monday in January. Look at the situation from a different point of view. Good negotiators (谈判者) use this technique in business，and so do writers. Fiction writers often imagine they are the characters in their books. They ask questions：what does this character want? Why can't she get it? What changes must she make to get what she wants? What does she dream about? If your goal involves other people，put yourself "in their shoes". The best fishermen think like fish! 31. According to the passage, when we become adults，___________. A. most of us are no longer creative B. we are not as imaginative as children C. we can still learn to be more creative D. we are unwilling to be creative 32. According to the first technique，if you need to solve a problem，___________. A. you should link it with candles B. you could find an image and try to link it with the problem. C. you have to think of buying a present for a friend D. you should link it with as many words as possible 33. The second technique suggests that you just imagine ___________. A. you have every resource to achieve your goal B. setting a goal is as simple as skiing C. new possibilities will soon appear D. December and January are the best months for skiing 34. The phrase "put yourself 'in their shoes'" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to___________. A. dress yourself like them B. think as they would C. do as they ask you to D. put on their shoes 35. We learn from the third technique that a good salesman should ask himself ___________? A. what do I usually do B. what did my boss tell me to do C. what are my customers' needs D. how should I sell my products |
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| 第11、12、13、14、15题： Why Would They Falsely Confess? Why on earth would an innocent person falselyconfess to committing a crime? To most people, it just doesn't seem logical.But it is logical, say experts, if you understand what can happen in a policeinterrogation （审讯） room Under the right conditions, people's minds aresusceptible （易受影响的） to influence, and the pressure puton suspects during police grillings （盘问） is enormous. （1） "The pressure is important tounderstand, because otherwise it's impossible to understand why someone wouldsay he did something he didn't do. The answer is: to put an end to anuncomfortable situation that will continue until he does confess." Developmental psychologist Allison Redlichrecently conducted a laboratory study to determine ho~ likely people are toconfess to, things they didn't do. （2） The researchers then intentionally crashed the computers andaccused the participants of hitting the "alt" key to see if theywould sign a statement falsely taking responsibility. Redlich's findings clearly demonstrate how easyit can be to get people to falsely confess: 59 percent of the young adults inthe experiment immediately confessed. （3） Of the 15- to 16-year-olds, 72 percent signed confessions, as did78 percent of the 12- to 13-year-olds. "There's no question that young people aremore at risk," says' Saul Kassin, a psychology professor at WilliamsCollege, who has done similar studies with similar results. （4） Both Kassin and Redlich note that the entire"interrogation" in their experiments consisted of a simple accusation－not hours of aggressive questioning－andstill, most participants falsely confessed. Because of the stress of a policeinterrogation, they conclude, suspects can become convinced that falselyconfessing is the easiest way out of a bad situation. （5） A In her experiment, participants were seatedat computers and told not to hit the "alt" key, because doing sowould crash the systems. B "In some ways," says Kassin,"false confession becomes a rational decision." C "It's a little like somebody's workingon them with a dental （牙齿的） drill," says FranklinZimring, a law professor at the University of California at Berkeley. D "But adults are highly vulnerabletoo." E How could an innocent person admit to doingsomething he didn't do? F Redlich also found that the younger the participant,the more likely a false confession. |
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| 第16、17、18、19、20题： Taxi Riding In a moment of personal crisis， how much help can you expect from a New York taxi driver? I began studying this question after watching the "Taxicab Confessions，" a series of documentaries in which hidden cameras record the secrets of unsuspecting taxi riders. I found the results varied. One morning I got into three different taxis and announced： "Well， it's my first day back in New York in seven years. I've been in prison." Not a single driver replied， so I tried again. "Yeah， I shot a man in Reno，" I explained， hoping the driver would ask me why， so I could say casually，" Just to watch him die." But nobody asked. The only response came from a Ghanaian driver： "Reno? That is in Nevada?" Taxi drivers were uniformly sympathetic when I said I'd just been fired. "This is America，" a Haitian driver said. "One door is closed. Another is open." He argued against my plan to burn down my boss's house： "If you do something silly and they put you away， you cannot look for another job." A Pakistani driver even turned down a chance to profit from my loss of hope： he refused to take me to the middle of the George Washington Bridge， a $20 trip. "Why you want to go there? Go home and relax. Don't worry. Take a new job." One very hot weekday in July， while wearing a red ski mask and holding a stuffed pillowcase with the work "BANK" on it， I tried hailing a taxi five times outside different banks. The driver picked me up every time. My ride with Guy-Caaude Thevenain， a Haitian driver， was typical of the superb assistance I received. "Is anyone following us?" "No，" said the driver， looking in his rearview mirror at traffic and me. "Let's go across the park，" I said. "I just robbed the bank there. I got $25，000." "$25，000?" he asked. "Yeah， you think it was wrong to take it?" "No， man， I work 8 hours and I don't make almost $70. If I can do that， I do it too." As we approached 86th and Lexington， I pointed to the Chemical Bank. "Hey， there's another bank，" I said， "could you wait here a minute while I go inside?" "No， I can't wait. Pay me now." His reluctance may have had something to do with money -taxi drivers think the rate for waiting time is too low -but I think he wanted me to learn that even a bank robber can't expect unconditional support. 1. From the Ghanaian driver's response， we can infer that A) he was indifferent to the killing. B) he was afraid of the author. C) he looked down upon the author. D) he thought the author was crazy. 2. Why did the Pakistani driver refuse to take the author to the middle of the George Washington Bridge? A) Because he didn't want to help the author get over his career crisis. B) Because he wanted to go home and relax. C) Because it was far away from his home. D) Because he suspected that the author was going to commit suicide. 3. What is author's interpretation of the driver's reluctance "to wait outside the Chemical bank"? A) The driver thought that the rate for waiting time was too low. B) The driver thought it wrong to support a taxi rider unconditionally. C) The driver was frightened and wanted to leave him as soon as possible. D) The driver wanted to go home and relax. 4. Which of the following statements is true about New York taxi drivers? A) They are ready to help you do whatever you want to. B) They refuse to pick up those who would kill themselves. C) They are sympathetic with those who are out of work. D) They work only for money. 5. What does the passage mainly discuss? A) How to make taxi riders comfortable. B) How to deal with taxi riders. C) The attitudes of taxi drivers towards the taxi riders having personal crises. D) The attitudes of taxi drivers towards violent criminals. |
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| 第21题： The industrial revolution modified the whole structure of English socie A.destroyed B.broke C.changed D.smashed |
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| 第22、23、24、25、26题： Gross National Happiness In the last century, new technologyimproved the lives of many people in many countries. However, one countryresisted these changes. High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia, the kingdom of Bhutan remained separate. Its people andBuddhist(佛教)culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years. Bhutan,however, was a poor country. People died at a young age. Most of its peoplecould not read, and they did not know much about the outside world. Then, in 1972,a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan tobecome modern, but without losing its traditions. King Wangchuck looked at other countriesfor ideas. He saw that most countries measured their progress by their GrossNational Product (GNP). The GNP measures products and money. When the number ofproducts sold increases, people say the country is making progress. KingWangchuck had a different idea for Bhutan. He wanted to measure hiscountry’s progress by people’s happiness. If the people’s happiness increased,the king could say that Bhutanwas making progress. To decide if people were happier, he created a measurecalled Gross National Happiness (GNH). GNH is based on certain principles thatcreate happiness. People are happier if they have health care, education, andjobs. They are happier when they live in a healthy, protected environment. Theyare happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs. Finally,people are happier when they have a good, stable government. Now there is some evidence of increasedGNH in Bhutan.People are healthier and are living longer. More people are educated andemployed. Teenty-five percent of the land has become national parks, and thecountry has almost no pollution. The Bhutanese continue to wear theirtraditional clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs. Bhutan has alsobecome a democracy. In 2008, King Wangchuck gave his power to his son. Althoughthe country still had a king, it held its first democratic elections that year.Bhutanhad political parties and political candidates for the first time. Finally, Bhutan hasconnected to the rest of the world through television and internet. Bhutanis a symbol for social progress. Many countries are now interested in Bhutan’s GNH.These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness. Theywant to create new policies that take care of their people, cultures, and land. Brazil may be the nest country to use the principles of GNH. Brazilian leaders see theprinciples of GNH as a source of inspiration. Brazil is a large country with adiverse population. If happiness works as a measure of progress in Brazil, perhapsthe rest of the world will follow. 31.Who was Jigme Singye Wangchuck? A. Apresident. B. A Buddhistpriest. C. A king. D. A general. 32.Apart from modernizing Bhutan,what else did Wangchuck want to do for Bhutan? A. To make its population grow. B. To keep itseparate from the world. C. To encourageits people to get rich. D. To keep its traditions and customs. 33.A country shows its progress with GNP by A. spending more money. B. spending less money. C. selling more products. D. providingmore jobs. 34.According to GNH, people are happier if they A. have new technology. B. have a good, stable government. C. can changetheir religion. D. have more money. 35.Today many countries are A. trying to find their own ways tomeasure happiness. B. using the principles of GNH to measure their progress. C. working together to develop a common scale to measure GNH. D. taking both Bhutan and Brazil as symbols for socialprogress. |
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| 第27题： 3 The boy is intelligent. A clever B naughty C difficult D active |
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| 第28题：With immense relief, I stopped running.（ ） A. much B. enormous C. little D. extensive |
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| 第29、30、31、32、33、34、35、36题： Intelligent Machines 1 Medical scientists are already putting computer chips(芯片)directly into the brain to helppeople who have Parkinson's disease，but in what other ways might computer technology be able tohelp us?Ray Kurzweil is author of the successful book The Age of Intelligent Machines and is one ofthe world's best computer research scientists．He is researching the possibilities． 2 Kurzweil gets computers to recognize voices．An example of this is Ramona，the virtual(虚拟的)hostess of Kurzweil's homepage，who is programmed to understand what you say．Visitors tothe site can have their conversations with her，and Ramona also dances and sings． 3 Kurzweil uses this technology to help people with physical disabilities．One of his ideas is a"seeing machine"．This will be"like a friend that could describe what is going on in the visibleworld，"he explains．Blind people will use a visual sensor(探测器)which will probably be builtinto a pair of sunglasses．This sensor will describe to the person everything it sees． 4 Another idea，which is likely to help deaf people，is the"listening machine"．This inven-tion will recognize millions of words and understand any speaker．The listening machine will also beable to translate into other languages，SO even people without hearing problems are likely to be inter-ested in using it． 5 But it is not just about helping people with disabilities．Looking further into the future，Kurzweil sees a time when we will be able to download our entire consciousness onto a computer．This technology probably won't be ready for at least 50 years，but when it arrives，it means our mindwill be able to live forever． 23．Paragraph 2___________． 24．Paragraph 3___________． 25．Paragraph 4____________． 26．Paragraph 5___________． A．A new pair of ears B．Computers that can communicate C．Everlasting consciousness on a computer D．Time to break off a friendship E．An author and researcher F．A new pair of eyes 27．Ray Kurzweil works with computers to help people___________． 28．Ramona is able to understand_____________． 29．Blind people will be able to see the world with___________． 30．People without hearing problems may also be interested in using____________． A．what you say B．a pair of sunglasses C．the listening machine D．a visual sensor E．who have disabilities F．living forever in a computer |
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| 第37、38、39、40、41、42、43题： Sleep Problems Plague the Older Set Older Americans often have difficulty getting a good night’s rest. It’s a huge quality—of-life problem，experts say，because contrary to popular belief，seniors require about the same amount of sleep as younger adults. “Sleep problems and sleep disorders are not an inherent(固有的)part of aging,” said Dr. Harrison G. Bloom，an associate clinical professor of geriatrics (老年病学)and medicine at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York City. “It’s pretty much of a myth that older people need less sleep than younger people.” Yet, in a study published recently in The American Journal of Medicine，researchers found that more than half of older Americans have problems getting the sleep they need. older people tend to have “sleep fragmentation,” meaning they wake up more often during the night，said study author Dr. Julie Gammack，an assistant professor of medicine in the Division of Geriatric Medicine at St．Louis University. They also seem to get less “REM” sleep，the type of sleep during which rapid eye movement occurs，Bloom added. It’s unclear what role these naturally occurring changes in sleep patterns have on person’s quality of life，Bloom said. “What is important，though，is that older people often have actual sleep disorders and problems with sleep,” he said. And，experts say，there is usually more than one cause. “Sleep trouble in older adults is typically associated with acute and chronic illnesses，including specific sleep disorders like sleep apnea(呼吸暂停)and restless leg syndrome that appear with greater frequency in older populations，”said Michael V. Vitiello, a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences and associate director of the University of Washington’s Northwest Geriatric Education Center. Taking multiple medications，as many older people do，can also lead to fatigue and “ hypersomnia,” or being tired all the time，Bloom added. Another big problem，he noted，IS depression and anxiety．“Those are very commonly associated with sleep problems.” Despite the prevalence(流行)of sleep difficulties in older adults，many patients Aren’t getting the help they need. As a result，problems like insomnia(失眠)，restless leg syndrome and sleep apnea are underdiagnosed and undertreated，Bloom said. 1 6. Sleep problems can seriously affect one’s quality of life A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 1 7. it is true that older people need less sleep than younger people A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 1 8 Younger people in America seldom complain of sleep disorders. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 1 9. The number of older Americans with sleep problems is not small. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 20. “Sleep fragmentation’’ refers to a marked lack of “REM” sleep A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 21. The causes of sleep problems in older people remain unidentified. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 22. Actions will soon be taken in America to better help people with sleep problems A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned |
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