| 职称英语考试理工类每日一练（2015-11-4） |
| 第1题：Only a small minority of the mentally ill are liable to harm themselves or others. A.easy B.possible C.likely D.difficult |
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| 第2题： Hearing problems may be alleviated by changes in diet and exercise habits． A. removed B. cured C. worsened D. relieved |
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| 第3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10题：Early Ideas about the Universe 1 Early man got his ideas about the universe by looking at the stars as you do. He observed carefully, and learned many things about the sun, the moon, and the stars. 2 Suppose you were asked to collect evidence about the sun as early man did. You might go out morning after morning and see it come up in the east. Even on cloudy mornings, you would observe that the darkness goes away and the world becomes light. You might not see the sun but would be sure it is there, because you notice that the earth warms up. As you continued, the sun climbs higher in the sky each day during part of the year. It stays in the sky longer. The earth gets warmer. Things begin to grow. It is spring and then summer. 3 After a while the sun stays in the sky for shorter and shorter periods. Many plants begin to die. Leaves fall. Winter comes. Year after year this is repeated and you cannot tell exactly why it happens. But you realize that the sun seems to make the difference. Primitive (原始的) man felt that since the sun was so powerful it must be a god. It may seem silly to us now to worship (崇拜) a sun-god, but primitive man was right about the importance of the sun to life on earth. 4 You have been told that the world is round. But suppose no one had ever taught you that the world was like a huge ball. Would you have ever thought of it yourself? You cannot see the curve (曲线) of the earth at once. You would have no idea of how big it was. That's why early man believed that the earth was small and fiat. Such ideas appeared from the evidence they had. 5 If you watch the stars night after night, you will see them rise and set. As you look at the sky, it is not difficult to imagine that you are in the center of a vast collection of twinkling (闪烁) lights. Some early astronomers (天文学家) believed the sky was a crystal shell or series of crystal shells, one inside the other. They believed this because that is what the night sky looked like. For many centuries, men believed that the earth was the center of the universe and that the sun, the moon, and the stars circled around it. 1 Paragraph 2__________. 2 Paragraph 3__________. 3 Paragraph 4__________. 4 Paragraph 5__________. A Early Ideas about the Sky and the Stars B The Importance of the Sun to Life on Earth C Primitive Knowledge of the Moon D The Sun in Autumn and Winter E Early Ideas about the Earth F Collecting Evidence about the Sun 5 Early man thought the earth was small and flat because__________. 6 Primitive man believed the sun was a god because__________. 7 Early man thought the earth was the center of the universe because__________. 8 Early astronomers believed that the sky was a crystal shell or series of crystal shells because__________. A he did not observe the sun carefully enough B he could not see its curve C the sun, the moon and the stars seemed to move around it D the earth circles around the sun E it looked like that at night F it has power over life on earth |
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| 第11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18题：Geo1ogy and Hea1th 1 The importance of particu1ar meta1s in the human diet has been rea1ised within the past few decades, and the idea that geo1ogy might be re1ated to hea1th has been recognized for a number of e1ements such as iodine，zinc and se1enium. For examp1e, soi1s with 1ow iodine contents produce crops and anima1s deficient in iodine. A 1ack of iodine in the human diet 1eads to some serious diseases. 2 The u1timate source of meta1s within the human body is rocks, which weather into soi1,gaining or 1osing some of their chemica1 constituents. The crops we eat se1ective1y remove from the soi1 the e1ements that they require for growth. The water we drink contains trace e1ements 1eached from rock and soi1. Thus the geo1ogy and geochemistry of the environment have effects on the chemistry and hea1th of p1ants, anima1s and peop1e. 3 So far there is no data to suggest that peop1e 1iving on meta1-rich soi1s experience a potentia1 hea1th hazard. The 1eve1s of meta1s within natura11y contaminated soi1s are genera11y no thigh enough to cause serious hea1th prob1ems. 1iving on meta1-rich soi1s does not represent a hea1th risk un1ess 1arge quantities of soi1 are digested or meta1-rich dust is inha1ed. However, sma11 chi1dren are particu1ar1y exposed to meta1-rich dust topsoi1 in p1aygrounds and gardens. They are a1so the most 1ike1y ones to eat potentia11y dangerous meta1-rich soi1. 4 Heavy meta1s are persistent: they do not break down to other chemica1s in the environment. Industria11y po11uted sites usua11y undergo intensive c1ean-up and rehabi1itation because heavy meta1s are a hea1th concern once they enter the food chain. Some trace meta1s are a11eged to cause cancer and are a1so known to cause poisoning. 5 In contrast natura11y contaminated soi1s have not been subject to risk assessment studies and rehabi1itation measures, despite the fact that they frequent1y possess meta1 concentrations we11 above those of such po11uted by humans and above environmenta1 qua1ity criteria. 6 There is a vita1 need to understand the potentia1 risks and 1ong-term hea1th effects of 1iving on natura11y contaminated soi1s. Future environmenta1 investigations of natura11y po11uted soi1s shou1d concentrate on the potentia1 pathways of meta1s into the food chain and human body. Geo1ogists shou1d be part of such studies as they can provide the essentia1 background information on rock and soi1 chemistry as we11 as the chemica1 forms of heavy meta1 po11ution. 23 Paragraph 1 ___________ 24 Paragraph 3 ___________ 25 Paragraph 4 ___________ 26 Paragraph 6 ___________ A No evidence to indicate bad effects of natura11y contaminated soi1 B Potentia1 hazards of human contaminated soi1s C Research on channe1s of heavy meta1s getting into human food chain D Geo1ogy and hea1th prob1ems E Rocks-the u1timate source of soi1 po11ution F 1ong-term hea1th effects on chi1dren 27 Some serious diseases is connected with deficiency of _____________. 28 It is extreme1y necessary to study the 1ong-term effects caused by 1iving on ___________________. 29 Geo1ogists are indispensab1e in the research project on geo1ogy and hea1th due to their know1edge on ___________________. 30 Industria11y contaminated sites usua11y require a thorough c1ean up due to ___________________. A industria11y po11uted soi1s B rock and soi1 chemistry C natura11y po11uted soi1s D the pathways of meta1s into the food chain E the e1ement of iodine F the persistence of heavy meta1s |
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| 第19题： Jack consumes a pound of cheese a day。 A eats B drinks C buys D produces |
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| 第20题：Scientists, who are now aware of how nautiluses regulate their buoyancy, have been able to dispel erroneous ideas about these creatures. A misconceptions B misdemeanors C misgivings D misdirections |
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| 第21题：The original experiment cannot be exactly duplicated . A.invented B.reproduced C.designed D.reported |
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| 第22题： For some obscure reason, the simple game is becoming very popular. A unclear B obvious C major D minor |
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| 第23、24、25、26、27题： Newspapers often tell us of floods in some parts of the United States. Nearly every year on the great central drainages heavy rains and melting snow cause the waters to pour out the mountains and plains, to turn brooks into torrents, and to swell quiet streams into wild uncontrolled rivers. From Cairo to New Orleans, and from Pittsburgh to Paducah, the cry "River rising!" is a familiar yet fearful voice. . . When the rivers sometimes become too high or too swift to be controlled communities are flooded, families flee from their homes, croplands are washed out, and transportation comes to a halt. Hunger, disease, and death follow the wild waters. Although given less publicity, the agricultural damage done by the many smaller, more frequent floods usually far exceeds the losses caused by the very grand ones. In the Central States, ditches and drains cause the flows from spring rains and melting snow to run far more rapidly than in the days before white men settled on the land. Once, excess spring flood waters emptied into lakes and swampy lands, there to be detained for slow release into stream and rivers. Now, systematic drainage has actually eliminated these natural reservoirs. In the more rolling sections of the East, spring runoff was formerly absorbed and held temporarily in the porous soils beneath the unbroken expanse of forest. When large areas were converted to farm use, removal of the forest and the practice of up-and-down hill plowing deprived the soils of much of their ability to catch and store water. The effects of eliminating the natural forest cover are shown in the gullied farm lands and widened stream channels found in some densely settled areas. Partly because the stream channels are more or less filled with material washed down from the uplands, and partly because storm runoff has increased, the channels are today no longer able to carry all the flow from heavy rains. This explains why the streams overtop banks far more often than in the days before settlement. 31. The best title for the selection would be______. A. River Rising! River Rising! B. Forests and Floods C. Flooding in the U. S. D. The Results of Flooding 32. All of the following cause floods EXCEPT______. A. heavy rain B. melting snow C. increasing storm runoff D. porous soil 33. The author states that______. A. lakes and swamps once acted like natural reservoirs B. up-and-down hill plowing catches and stores water C. stream channels are the best carriers of water D. floods are easily prevented and controlled 34. According to the selection, streams overtop their banks partly because______. A. material from higher land is washed into them B. ditches and drains lead into them C. rivers become too swift D. snow melts more rapidly nowadays 35. The floods which are given most publicity______. A. cause no damage B. cause the most damage C. cause less agricultural damage than the many smaller, more frequent floods D. far exceed the smaller, more frequent floods in agricultural loss |
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| 第28、29、30、31、32、33、34、35题： The Science of Sport 1 At the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens， the Chinese athlete Liu Xiang equaled the world record for the 110 metres hurdles （跨栏） when he ran the race in 12.91 seconds. This record time had been set in 1993 by British sprinter （短跑运动员） Colin Jackson and 9 years went by before another athlete was able to run as fast. 2 Record-breaking in all track events is Slowing clown and we appear to be moving much closer to the limits of human performance. Nevertheless， every four years， records which were previously thought to be unbeatable are broken. So what’s behind this never-ending improvement in performance？ And how long can we keep breaking records？ Is there a limit to human performance or will athletes continue to gain seconds？ 3 Most experts agree that it isn’t the athletes’ bodies which have changed but the huge advances in sport science which have enabled them to improve their performances. The individual athlete obviously has to have the necessary skill and determination to succeed， but the help of science and technology can be significant. Research has brought a better understanding of the athlete’s body and mind but the advances in sports equipment technology have also had an important impact on human performance. 4 Scientists have shown that an athlete’s body’s needs vary according to the type of sport. This research has helped top sports people to adapt their training programme and diet better to their particular needs. Running the marathon and cycling， for example， are endurance （耐力） sports and require a different parathion （硝苯硫磷脂） to that of a 100-metre sprinter. In some sports， changes in techniques have significantly improved performance. 5 But in any sport， a player’s success or failure results from a combination of both physical and mental abilities. Most coaches use psychological techniques to help their athletes cope with stress and concentrate on their performance~ For example， the English football team listens to music in the changing rooms before a game to help the players relax and not feel so nervous. Before a difficult match， tennis players are encouraged to use visualization （想象） techniques to build confidence and this is almost as good as practice. 6 But as science begins to dominate sport， are we in danger of losing sight of the heart of the competition， the sporting challenge？ What’s more， are all these advantages fair？ 23 Paragraph 2__________. 24 Paragraph 3__________. 25 Paragraph 4__________. 26 Paragraph 5__________. A.Different sports require different training programs. B.Science may be too important today. C.Sports equipment has been improved a lot. D.Athletes are still breaking records. E.Sport science helps improve athletes’ performances. F.Mental training is as important as physical training. 27 It is more difficult for today’s athletes__________. 28 We don’t know if there is a limit__________. 29 Research has helped coaches__________. 30 Scientific advances are suspected__________. A.to avoid psychological techniques__________. B.to break records C.to better understand the athlete’s body and mind D.to time and space E.to be replacing the sporting challenge F.to human performance |
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