| 职称英语考试卫生类每日一练（2015-11-17） |
| 第1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8题： Organic Food: Why? 1. Europe is now the biggest market for organic food in the world, expanding by 25 percent a year over the past 10 years. So what is the attraction of organic food for some people? The really important thing is that organic sounds more “natural”. Eating organic is a way of defining oneself as natural, good, caring, different from the junk-food-eating masses. 2. Unlike conventional farming, the organic approach means farming with natural rather than man-made, fertilisers and pesticides. Techniques such as crop rotation improve soil quality and help organic farmers compensate for the absence of man-made chemicals. As a method of food production, organic is, however, inefficient in its use of labour and land; there are severe limits to how much food can be produced. Also, the environmental benefits of not using artificial fertiliser are tiny compared with the amount of carbon dioxide emitted by transporting food. 3. Organic farming is often claimed to be safer than conventional farming. Yet studies into organic farming worldwide continue to reject this claim. An extensive review by the UK Food Standards Agency found that there was no statistically significant difference between organic and conventional crops. Even where results indicated there was evidence of a difference, the reviewers found no sign that these differences would have any noticeable effect on health 4. The simplistic claim that organic food is more nutritious than conventional food was always likely to be misleading. Food is a natural product, and the health value of different foods will vary for a number of reasons, including freshness, the way the food is cooked, the type of soil it is grown in, the amount of sunlight and rain crops have received, and so on. Likewise, the flavour of a carrot has less to do with whether it was fertilised with manure or something out of a plastic sack than with the variety of carrot and how long ago it was dug up. 5. The notion that organic food is safer than “normal” food is also contradicted by the fact that many of our most common foods are full of natural toxins. As one research expert says: “People think that the more natural something is, the better it is for them. That is simply not the case. In fact, it is the opposite that is true: the closer a plant is to its natural state, the more likely it is that it will poison you. Naturally many plants do not want to be eaten, so we have spent 10,000 years developing agriculture and breeding out harmful traits from crops.” A. Main reason for the popularity of organic food B. Description of organic farming C. Factors that affect food health value D. Testing the taste of organic food E. Necessity to remove hidden dangers from food F. Research into whether organic food is better 23. Paragraph 1 24. Paragraph 2 25. Paragraph 3 26. Paragraph 4 27. Techniques of organic farming help _________. 28. There is no convincing evidence to _________. 29. The weather conditions during the growth of crops_________. 30. The closer a plant is to its natural state, the less suitable it is to_________. A. show that organic crops are safer than conventional ones B. be specially trained C. improve soil quality D. poison you E. be eaten F. affect their nutritional content |
| 【单选题】： |
| 【单选题】： |
| 【单选题】： |
| 【单选题】： |
| 【单选题】： |
| 【单选题】： |
| 【单选题】： |
| 【单选题】： |
| 第9题： This is not typical of English,but is a feature of the Chinese language. A.particular B.characteristic C.remarkable D.idiomatic |
| 【单选题】： |
| 第10题： Can you follow the plot? A、change B、investigate C、understand D、write |
| 【单选题】： |
| 第11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18题：More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known，new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences. Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep，as well as a number of other sleep problems，than people who sleep 8 hours a night.People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a night’s sleep than 8-hour sleepers. These findings, which DL Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, demonstrate that people who want to get a good night’s rest may not need to set aside。more than 8 hours a night.He added that“it might be a good idea'’for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed, but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this. Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep一for instance, one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more. For the current report，Kripke reviewed the responses of 1，004 adults to sleep questionnaires，in which participants indicated how much they slept during the Week and whether they experienced any sleep problems.Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night，arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep，and having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning. KriDke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours.In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed.As evidence，he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed.“It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a time in bed, then they’ll spend a higher percentage of time awake.”he said. 23. Paragraph 2 ___. 24. Paragraph 4___. 25. Paragraph 5___. 26. Paragraph 6___. A. Keprike’s research tool B. Dangers of Habitual shortages of sleep C. Criticism on Kripke’s report D. A way of overcoming insomnia E. Sleep problems of long and short sleepers F. Classification of sleep problems 27.To get a good night’s rest，people may not need to ___. 28.Long sleepers are reported to be more likely to___. 29. One of the sleep problems is waking in the middle of the night，unable to___. 30. One survey showed that people who habitually ___each night have a higher risk of dying. A fall asleep again . B become more energetic the following day C sleep less than 7 hours D confirm those serious consequences E suffer sleep problems F sleep more than 8 hours |
| 【单选题】： |
| 【单选题】： |
| 【单选题】： |
| 【单选题】： |
| 【单选题】： |
| 【单选题】： |
| 【单选题】： |
| 【单选题】： |
| 第19题： She is slender with delicate wrists and ankles. A sick B weak C slim D pale |
| 【单选题】： |
| 第20、21、22、23、24题： Long before the white man cameto the America, the land belonged to the American Indian nations. The nation ofthe Cherokees lived in What is now the southeastern part of the United States. After the white man came, theCherokees copied many of their ways. One Cherokee named Sequoyah saw howimportant reading and writing was to the white man. He decided to invent a wayto write down the spoken Cherokee language. He began by making word pictures.For each word he drew a picture. But that proved impossible-there were just toomany words. Then he took the 85 sounds that made up the language. Using thisown imagination and an English spelling book, Sequoyah invented a sign for eachsound. His alphabet proved amazingly easy to learn. Before long, many Cherokeesknew how to read and write in their own language. By 1828, they were evenprinting their own newspaper. In 1830, the U.S. Congresspassed a law. It allowed the government to remove Indians from their lands. TheCherokees refused to go. They had lived on their lands for centuries. It belongedto them. Why should they go to a strange land far beyond the Mississippi River? The army was sent to drive theCherokees out. Soldiers surrounded their villages and marched them at gunpointinto the western territory. The sick, the old and the small children went incarts, along with their belongings. The rest of the people marched on foot orrode on horseback. It was November, yet many of them still wore their summerclothes. Cold and hungry, the Cherokees were quickly exhausted by the hardshipsof the journey. Many dropped dead and were buried by the roadside. When thelast group arrived in their new home in March 1839, more than 4,000 had died.It was indeed a march of death. 1. The Cherokee Nation used tolive A) on the American continent. B) In the southeastern part ofthe US. C) Beyond the MississippiRiver. D) In the western territory. 2. one of the ways thatSequoyah copied from the white man is the way of A) writing down the spokenlanguage. B) Making word pictures. C) Teaching his peoplereading. D) Printing their ownnewspaper. 3. A law was passed in 1830 to A) allow the Cherokees to staywhere they were. B) Send the army to help theCherokees. C) Force the Cherokees to movewestward. D) Forbid the Cherokees toread their newspaper. 4. When the Cherokees began toleave their lands. A) they went in carts. B) They went on horseback. C) They marched on foot. D) All of the above. 5. Many Cherokees died ontheir way to their new home mainly because A) they were not willing to gothere. B) The government did notprovide transportation C) They did not have enoughfood and clothes. D) The journey was long andboring.
|
| 【单选题】： |
| 【单选题】： |
| 【单选题】： |
| 【单选题】： |
| 【单选题】： |
| 第25题：His professional career spanned 16 years. A.started B.changed C.lasted D.moved |
| 【单选题】： |
| 第26题： He cannot discriminate between a good idea and a bad one. A.judge B.assess C.distinguish D.recognize |
| 【单选题】： |
| 第27题： The traditional paintings are exhibited on the second floor. A laid B displayed C kept D stored |
| 【单选题】： |
| 第28、29、30、31、32题： 第三篇 A Tale of Scottish Rural Life Lewis Grassic Gibbon's Sunset Song （1932）was vote "the best Scottish novel of all Time" by Scotland's reading public in 2005. Once considered shocking for its frank description of aspects of the lives of Scotland’s poor rural farmers, it has been adapted for stage, film, TV and radio in recent decades. The novel is set on the fictional estate of Kinraddie, in the farming country of the Scottish northwest in the years up to and beyond World War l. At its heart is the story of Chris, who is both part of the community and a little outside it. Grassic Gibbon gives us the most detailed and intimate account of the life of his heroine （女主人公）. We watch her grow through a childhood dominated by her cruel but hard-working father：experience tragedy（her mother's suicide and murder of her twin children）；And learn about her feelings as she grows into a woman. We see her marry, lose her husband, then marry again. Chris has seemed so convincing a figure to some female readers that they cannot believe that she is the creation of a man. But it would be misleading to suggest that this book is just about Chris. It is truly a novel of a place and its people. Its opening section tells of Kinraddie's long history, in a language that imitates the place's changing patterns of speech and writing. The story itself is amazingly full of characters and incidents. 1t is told from Chris' point of view but also from that of the gossiping community, a community where everybody knows everybody else's business and nothing is ever forgotten. Sunset Song has a social theme too. It is concerned with what Grassic Gibbon perceives as the destruction of traditional Scottish rural| |life first by modernization and then by World War l. Gibbon tried hard to show how certain character：S resist the war. Despite this, the war takes the young men away. a number of them to their deaths. In particular, it takes away Chris' husband, Ewan Tavendale. The war finally kills Ewan, but not in the way his widow is told. In fact, the Germans aren’t responsible for his death, but his own side. He is shot because he is said to have run away from a battle. If the novel is about the end of one way of life it also looks ahead. It is a "Sunset Song" butt is concerned too with the new Kinraddie, indeed of the new European world. Grassic Gibbon went on to publish two other novels about the place that continue its story. 41 What is Sunset Song mainly about? A The First World War. B The beauty of the sunset. C The new European world. D The lives of rural Scottish farmers. 42 Which statement is NOT true of Chris? A She is the heroine of Sunset Song. B She had a miserable childhood. C She is the creation of a man. D She married only once. 43 What is the opening section of the novel mainly concerned with? A The climate of Kinraddie. B The history of Kinraddie. C The geography of Kinraddie. D The language spoken in Kinraddie. 44 Who killed Chris' husband. Ewan? A His own troops. B The French army. C The Germans. D The Russian soldiers. 45 The word "Sunset" in the title of this novel most probably means A the end of the heroine's life. B the end of the story. C the end of the traditional way of life. D the end of the day. |
| 【单选题】： |
| 【单选题】： |
| 【单选题】： |
| 【单选题】： |
| 【单选题】： |