| 职称英语考试卫生类每日一练（2015-12-2） |
| 第1题：Afterwards there was just a feeling of let-down. A. excitement B. disappointment C. anger D. caim |
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| 第2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9题： 1 The striking thing about the innovators who succeeded in making our modern world is how often they failed. Turn on a light, take a photograph, watch TV, search the Web, jet across the Pacific Ocean, talk on a cell-phone (手机). The innovators who left us these things had to find the way to success through a maze (错综复杂) of wrong turns. 2 We have just celebrated the 125th anniversary of American innovator Thomas Edison's success in heating a thin line to white-hot heat for 14 hours in his lab in New Jersey, US. He did that on October 22, 1879, and followed up a month later by keeping a thread of common cardboard alight (点亮着的) in an airless space for 45 hours. Three years later he went on to light up half a square mile of downtown Manhattan, even though only one of the six power plants in his design worked when he turned it on, on September 4, 1882. 3 "Many of life's failures," the supreme innovator said, "are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up." Before that magical moment in October 1879, Edison had worked out no fewer than 3,000 theories about electric light, but in only two cases did his experiments work. 4 No one likes failure, but the smart innovators learn from it. Mark Gumz, the head of the camera maker Olympus America Inc, attributes some of the company's successes in technology to understanding failure. His popular phrase is: "You only fail when you quit." 5 Over two centuries, the most common quality of the innovators has been persistence. That is another way of saying they had the emotional ability to keep up what they were doing. Walt Disney, the founder of Disneyland, was so broke after a succession of financial failures that he was left shoeless in his office because he could not afford the US$1.50 to get his shoes from the repair shop. Pioneering car maker Henry Ford failed with one company and was forced out of another before he developed the Model T car. 6 Failure is harder to bear in today's open, accelerated world. Hardly any innovation works the first time. But an impatient society and the media want instant success. When American music and movie master David Geffen had a difficult time, a critic said nastily that the only difference between Geffen Records (Geffen's company) and the Titanic (the ship that went down) was that the Titanic had better music. Actually, it wasn't. After four years of losses, Geffen had so many hits (成功的作品) he could afford a ship as big as the Titanic all to himself. 1 Paragraph 2__________. 2 Paragraph 3__________. 3 Paragraph 4__________. 4 Paragraph 5__________. A Importance of learning from failure B Quality shared by most innovators C Edison's innovation D Edison's comment on failure E Contributions made by innovators F Miseries endured by innovators 5 People often didn't realize how close they were to success when__________. 6 Before Henry Ford eventually developed the Model T car,__________. 7 Walt Disney was once so poor that__________. 8 The media demand that__________. A he developed 3,000 theories B he couldn't afford to buy a pair of shoes C he found himself an unsuccessful man D they quitted E an innovation should work immediately F failure is the mother of success |
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| 第10题： The decision to invade provoked storms of protest. A ignored B organized C caused D received |
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| 第11题：He made a number of rude remarks about the food. A. comments B. signs C. manners D. noises |
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| 第12题： Man cannot exist without water． A expand B rise C live D quit |
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| 第13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24、25、26、27题： Can Loud Music Cause Hearing Impairment(损伤)? Have You ever gone to a concert and realized that your seats were right next to the booming speakers? Are you guilty——(51)．turning up the volume on your portable cassette or CD player to drown out the whining(哭哭啼啼)of your little brother? Sometimes it’s difficult to avoid loud music or noises，but they can be bad news because loud noises can (52)temporary or permanent hearing loss． Extremely loud music and noises that go on for long periods of (53) are common causes of deafness．If a noise is so loud that you have to shout to make yourself (54)，there is a (55)that the mechanism inside your ear can be injured Temporary hearing loss can happen after you’ve been (56)to loud noise for only 15 minutes．If you have temporary hearing loss．you won’t be able to hear as (57) as you normally can，and you may have tinnitus (耳鸣)，which is a fancy word for ringing in the ears．Your ears call feel“full”，too (58) these things usually go away and your hearing soon returns to normal． Permanent hearing loss can happen when，someone is exposed to loud noise (59)and over．Construction workers and people who work in factories must (60)ear protectors because the equipment they use can be extremely loud．But even some lawn mowers(割草机)and power tools can permanently (61) a person’s ability to hear high-pitched noises and can also give him permanent tinnitus．Listening to extremely loud music over and over call also have the same effect on a person’s (62)．And using headphones on a portable cassette or CD player can be dangerous (63)if the volume is too high and the headphones are used a lot，the noise can damage the ears． The best way to avoid hearing loss is to wear eat protectors when working with machinery and earplugs when going to a——(64)．Headphones are OK to wear when you’re listening to music；just be sure the volume isn’t too high，and give them a rest once in a while． 51 A of B for C at D on— 52 A have B take C cause D tap 53 A course B length C state D time 54 A heard B appreciated C tracked D welcomed 55 A luck B point C chance D sense 56 A exposed B expressed C carried D reflected 57 A good B well C regularly D stable 58 A Unfortunately B Accordingly C Luckily D Unexpectedly 59 A over B once C again D away 60 A hear B bear C wear D tear 61 A affect B effect C enforce D present 62 A scope B attitude C survey D hearing 63 A whereas B although C because D unless 64 A concert B factory C meting D mall 65 A each B every C all D for |
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| 第28题： It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy A、making B、taking C、expecting D、discussing |
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| 第29、30、31、32、33、34、35、36题：More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known，new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences. Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep，as well as a number of other sleep problems，than people who sleep 8 hours a night.People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a night’s sleep than 8-hour sleepers. These findings, which DL Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, demonstrate that people who want to get a good night’s rest may not need to set aside。more than 8 hours a night.He added that“it might be a good idea'’for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed, but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this. Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep一for instance, one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more. For the current report，Kripke reviewed the responses of 1，004 adults to sleep questionnaires，in which participants indicated how much they slept during the Week and whether they experienced any sleep problems.Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night，arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep，and having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning. KriDke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours.In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed.As evidence，he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed.“It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a time in bed, then they’ll spend a higher percentage of time awake.”he said. 23. Paragraph 2 ___. 24. Paragraph 4___. 25. Paragraph 5___. 26. Paragraph 6___. A. Keprike’s research tool B. Dangers of Habitual shortages of sleep C. Criticism on Kripke’s report D. A way of overcoming insomnia E. Sleep problems of long and short sleepers F. Classification of sleep problems 27.To get a good night’s rest，people may not need to ___. 28.Long sleepers are reported to be more likely to___. 29. One of the sleep problems is waking in the middle of the night，unable to___. 30. One survey showed that people who habitually ___each night have a higher risk of dying. A fall asleep again . B become more energetic the following day C sleep less than 7 hours D confirm those serious consequences E suffer sleep problems F sleep more than 8 hours |
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| 第37题： It seems highly unlikely that she will pass the exam. A．very B．completely C．usually D．mostly |
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| 第38、39、40、41、42、43、44、45题： 1.Children enjoy shouting at a high wall and hearing the sound come back to them.These sounds are called echoes (回声). Echoes have givenus a number of valuable tools. 2.Echo sounding devices were early used in making maps of the ocean floor. Soundsor ultrasonic (超声的) sounds make good tools fordetermining how deep the water is under ships. Sometimes echoes from ultrasonicdistance finding devices were prevented from working by fish swimming past orby the presence of large objects. So ultrasonic devices have been replaced byother tools. 3.Radar is now a familiar tool. Like many others it was an unexpected discovery.It was first observed by two researchers， who werestudying sound communication. They were sending signals from a station on oneside of a river in Washington， DIC.to a vehicle across the river. They discovered that their signals were stoppedby passing ships. They recognized the importance of this discovery at once. 4.All this was of course just a start， from which ourpresent radar has developed. The word "radar，"in fact， gets its name from the term "radiodetection (检测) and ranging." "Ranging"is the term for detection of the distance between an object and the radar set.Today， in our scientific age， it would be difficult to manage without radar. 5.One of the many uses of radar is as a speed control device on highways. When aperson in an automobile is driving faster than the speed limit， radar will show this clearly and the traffic police can takemeasures to stop him. 6.A pilot cannot fly a plane by sight alone. Many conditions such as flying atnight and landing in dense fog require the pilot to use radar. Human eyes arenot very good at determining speeds of approaching objects， but radar can show the pilot how fast nearby planes are moving. 23Paragraph 2 24Paragraph 3 25Paragraph 4 26Paragraph 5 AStudy of Sound BHighway Police CWorking Principles DEarly Use of "Radar" EUseful Tools FDiscovery by Chance 27Echo-sounding devices were early used to 28Ultrasonic device were used to 29Police use radar on highways to 30Radar helps pilots to Adetect nearby objects Bdetermine the depth of the ocean water Cdecide how fast you drive Dstop passing ships Emap the ocean floor Fobserve water flow |
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