| 职称英语考试卫生类每日一练（2015-12-8） |
| 第1题： Have you talked to her lately? A lastly B finally C shortly D recently |
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| 第2题： A great deal has been done to remedy the situation A maintain B improve C assess D protect |
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| 第3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10题： Organic Food: Why? 1 Europe is now the biggest market for organic food in the world, expanding by 25 percent a year over the past 10 years. So what is the attraction of organic food for some people? The really important thing is that organic sounds more “natural” Eating organic is a way of defining oneself as natural, good, caring, different from the junk-food-eating masses. 2 Unlike conventional farming, the organic approach means farming with natural, rather than man-made, fertilisers and pesticides. Techniques such as crop rotation (轮种) improve soil quality and help organic farmers compensate for the absence of man-made chemicals. As a method of food production, organic is, however, inefficient in its use of labour and land; there are severe limits to how much food can be produced. Also, the environmental benefits of not using artificial fertilisers are tiny compared with the amount of carbon dioxide emitted (排放) by transporting food. 3 Organic farming is often claimed to be safer than conventional farming. Yet studies into organic farming worldwide continue to reject this claim. An extensive review by the UK Food Standards Agency found that there was no statistically significant difference between organic and conventional crops. Even where results indicated there was evidence of a difference, the reviewers found no sign that these differences would have any noticeable effect on health. 4 The simplistic claim that organic food is more nutritious than conventional food was always likely to be misleading. Food is a natural product, and the health value of different foods will vary for a number of reasons, including freshness, the way the food is cooked, the type of soil it is grown in. the amount of sunlight and rain crops have received, and so on. Likewise, the flavour of a carrot has less to do with whether it was fertilised with manure (粪便) or something out of a plastic sack than with the variety of carrot and how long ago it was dug up. 5 The notion that organic food is safer than “normal” food is also contradicted by the fact that many of our most common foods are full of natural toxins (毒素). As one research expert says: “People think that the more natural something is, the better it is for them. That is simply not the case. In fact, it is the opposite that is true: the closer a plant is to its natural state, the more likely it is that it will poison you. Naturally, many plants do not want to be eaten, so we have spent 10,000 years developing agriculture and breeding out harmful traits from crops” 23 Paragraph 1________ 24 Paragraph 2________ 25 Paragraph 3________ 26 Paragraph 4________ A Main reason for the popularity of organic food B Description of organic farming C Factors that affect food health value D Testing the taste of organic food E Necessity to remove hidden dangers from food F Research into whether organic food is better 27 Techniques of organic farming help ___. 28 There is no convincing evidence to ___. 29 The weather conditions during the growth of crops ___. 30 The closer a plant is to its natural state, the less suitable it is to ___. A. show that organic crops are safer than conventional ones B be specially trained C improve soil quality D poison you E be eaten F affect their nutritional content |
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| 第11题： Canada will prohibit smoking in all offices later this year. A ban B remove C eliminate D expel |
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| 第12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19题： 1.Children enjoy shouting at a high wall and hearing the sound come back to them.These sounds are called echoes (回声). Echoes have givenus a number of valuable tools. 2.Echo sounding devices were early used in making maps of the ocean floor. Soundsor ultrasonic (超声的) sounds make good tools fordetermining how deep the water is under ships. Sometimes echoes from ultrasonicdistance finding devices were prevented from working by fish swimming past orby the presence of large objects. So ultrasonic devices have been replaced byother tools. 3.Radar is now a familiar tool. Like many others it was an unexpected discovery.It was first observed by two researchers， who werestudying sound communication. They were sending signals from a station on oneside of a river in Washington， DIC.to a vehicle across the river. They discovered that their signals were stoppedby passing ships. They recognized the importance of this discovery at once. 4.All this was of course just a start， from which ourpresent radar has developed. The word "radar，"in fact， gets its name from the term "radiodetection (检测) and ranging." "Ranging"is the term for detection of the distance between an object and the radar set.Today， in our scientific age， it would be difficult to manage without radar. 5.One of the many uses of radar is as a speed control device on highways. When aperson in an automobile is driving faster than the speed limit， radar will show this clearly and the traffic police can takemeasures to stop him. 6.A pilot cannot fly a plane by sight alone. Many conditions such as flying atnight and landing in dense fog require the pilot to use radar. Human eyes arenot very good at determining speeds of approaching objects， but radar can show the pilot how fast nearby planes are moving. 23Paragraph 2 24Paragraph 3 25Paragraph 4 26Paragraph 5 AStudy of Sound BHighway Police CWorking Principles DEarly Use of "Radar" EUseful Tools FDiscovery by Chance 27Echo-sounding devices were early used to 28Ultrasonic device were used to 29Police use radar on highways to 30Radar helps pilots to Adetect nearby objects Bdetermine the depth of the ocean water Cdecide how fast you drive Dstop passing ships Emap the ocean floor Fobserve water flow |
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| 第20、21、22、23、24题： 第三篇 Gross National Happiness In the last century, new technology improved the lives of many people in many countries. However, one country resisted these changes. High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia, the kingdom of Bhutan remained separate. Its people and Buddhist(佛教)culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years. Bhutan, however, was a poor country. People died at a young age. Most of its people could not read, and they did not know much about the outside world. Then, in 1972, a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern, but without losing its traditions. King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas. He saw that most countries measured their progress by their Gross Natonal Product(GNP). The GNP measures products and money. When the number of products sold increases, people say the country is making progress. King Wangchuck had a different idea for Bhutan. He wanted to measure his country’s progress by people’s happiness. If the people’s happiness increased, the king could say that Bhutan was making progress. To decide if people were happier, he created a measure called Gross National Happiness(GNH). GNH is based on certain principles that create happiness. People are happier if they have health care, education, and jobs. They are happier when they live in a healthy, protected environment. They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs. Finally, people are happier when they have a good, stable government. Now there is some evidence of increased GNH in Bhutan. People are healthier and are living longer. More people are educated and employed. Teenty-five percent of the land has become national parks, and the country has almost no pollution. The Bhutanese continue to wear their traditional clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs. Bhutan has also become a democracy. In 2008, King Wangchuck gave his power to his son. Although the country still had a king, it held its first democratic elections that year. Bhutan had political parties and political candidates for the first time. Finally, Bhutan has connected to the rest of the world through television and internet. Bhutan is a symbol for social progress. Many countries are now interested in Bhutan’s GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness. They want to create new policies that take care of their people, cultures, and land. Brazil may be the nest country to use the principles of GNH. Brazilian leaders see the principles of GNH as a source of inspiration. Brazil is a large country with a diverse population. If happiness works as a measure of progress in Brazil, perhaps the rest of the world will follow. 41. Who was Jigme Singye Wangchuck? A. A president. B. A Buddhist priest. C. A king. D. A general. 42. Apart from modernizing Bhutan, what else did Wangchuck want to do for Bhutan? A. To make its population grow. B. To keep it separate from the world. C. To encourage its people to get rich. D. To keep its traditions and customs. 43. A country shows its progress with GNP by A. spending more money. B. spending less money. C. selling more products. D. providing more jobs. 44. According to GNH, people are happier if they A. have new technology. B. have a good, stable government. C. can change their religion. D. have more money. 45. Today many countries are A. trying to find their own ways to measure happiness. B. using the principles of GNH to measure their progress. C. working together to develop a common scale to measure GNH. D. taking both Bhutan and Brazil as symbols for social progress. |
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| 第25、26、27、28、29题： 第二篇 Preventing Child Maltreatment(虐待) Child maltreatment is a global problem with serious life-long consequences. There are no reliable global estimates for the prevalence (流行) of child maltreatment. Data for many countries, especially low-and middle-income countries, are lacking. Child maltreatment is complex and difficult to study. Current estimates vary widely depending on the country and the method of research used. Nonetheless, international studies reveal that approximately 20% of women and 5%-10% of men report being sexually abused as children, while 25%-50%of all children report being physically abused. Additionally, many children are subject to1 emotional abuse(sometimes referred to as2 psychological abuse). Every year, there are an about 31,000 homicide(杀人) deaths in children under 15.This number underestimates the true extent of the problem, as a significant proportion of deaths due to child maltreatment are incorrectly attributed to falls, bums and drowning. Child maltreatment causes suffering to children and families and can have long-term consequences. Maltreatment causes stress that is associated with disruption in early brain development. Extreme stress can impair the development of the nervous and immune systems. Consequently, as adults, maltreated children are at increased risk for behavioural, physical and mental health problems. Via the behavioural and mental health consequences, maltreatment can contribute to heart disease, cancer, suicide and sexually transmitted infections. Beyond the health consequences of child maltreatment, there is an economic impact, including costs of hospitalization, mental health treatment, child welfare, and longer-term health costs. A number of risk factors for child maltreatment have been identified. These risk factors are not present in all social and cultural contexts, but provide an overview when attempting to understand the causes of child maltreatment. It is important to emphasize that children are the victims and are never to blame for maltreatment. A number of characteristics of an individual child may increase the likelihood of being maltreated, such as being either under four years old or an adolescent, being unwanted, or failing to fulfill the expectations of parents and having special needs, crying persistently or having abnormal physical features. 36 International studies reveal that A many children have been neglected. B child maltreatment is most serious in developed countries. C 20% of children have been sexually abused. D 25%-50% of girls have been physically abused. 37 The word "underestimates" in paragraph 3 means A exaggerates. B points out. C assumes. D miscalculates. 38 Child maltreatment can bring all the following consequences EXCEPT A stress. B suicide. C heart disease. D poor memory. 39 Children are more likely to be maltreated if they A cry a lot. B are not good-looking. C are over 4 years old. D are quiet. 40 We can infer from the passage that A researchers have collected enough data on child maltreatment. B more than 31,000 children under 15 are killed every year. C many countries have set up special institutions for maltreated children. D some children are also to blame for maltreatment |
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| 第30、31、32、33、34题： TheFrench surprised even themselves when they banned tobacco ads three years ago,and created smoke-free zones in public spaces. Even then, ___(1)___ seemed alittle too American. Now some French lawmakers are preparing to end the act asreform that simply can’t work in a country __(2)___. Lawor no law, smokers and nonsmokers mingle __(3)__, whose owners generally ignorerequirements to create separate no-smoking sections. French smokers __(4)___,in hospitals and directly under no -smoking signs. There are stiff fines forviolating the smoke-free areas, but they are never imposed. "We have moreimportant things to do", says a Paris official. The1992 laws most controversial provision is the tobacco-ad ban. An exception hasbeen made for motor sports, which are underwritten by tobacco firms. And fansshouted angrily when French TV blacked out a soccer game from abroad because of"secondary" tobacco and liquor ads at the local stadium. Still, those__(5)___ credit the ad ban for a 15 percent drop in smoking among French teensin the last three years. A)without apparent friction in Paris café and restaurants B)light up in train stations C)doing great harm to the smokers health D)the attempt to legislate good health E)who are against smoking F)that has always aided lifes petty vices |
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| 第35题： Regular visits from a social worker can be of immense value to old people living alone. A. moderate B. equal C. great D. immediate |
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| 第36、37、38、39、40、41、42、43、44、45、46、47、48、49、50题： Skin Cancer Melanoma (黑素瘤), the deadliest kind of skin cancer is now the most common cancer in________(51) British women, the country's leading cancer organization said Wednesday. Skin cancer has_______(52) cervical (子宫颈的) cancer as the top cancer striking women in their 20s, according to the latest data from Cancer Research United Kingdom. The trend is particularly _______(53) since younger people are not generally those most susceptible(易患的)to melanoma. Rates of skin cancer are _______(54)highest in people over age75. But experts worry that increasing numbers of younger people being diagnosed with skin cancer could be the _______(55) of a dangerous trend. Women in their 20s make _______(56) a small percentage of all patients diagnosed with melanoma in Britain, but nearly a third of all cases occur in people younger than 50. Based on current numbers Cancer Research UK predicts that melanoma will become the fourth_______(57) common cancer for men and women of all ages by 2024, and that cases will jump from about 9,0000 cases a year to more than 15,500. Cancer experts _______(58) the rising number of skin cancer cases largely to the surge in people using tanning salons. "Spending time on sun beds is just as _______(59)as staying out too long in the sun," said Caroline Cerny of Cancer Research UK. The organization is starting a SunSmart _______(60) to warn Britons of the dangers of being too bronzed. "The intensity of ultraviolet rays in some sun beds can be more than 10_______(61) stronger than the midday sun," Cerny said. In the United States, several states require parental approval _______(62) minors can use tanning salons. Wisconsin bans people 16 and _______(63) from using tanning beds, and others ban children under 14. At least 29 states have regulations governing minors use of tanning salons. In the UK, Scottish politicians passed legislation banning these under 18 from using tanning beds, though it hasn't yet been implemented. There are no plans for _______(64) in the rest of the UK. The world Health Organization has previously recommended that tanning beds be regulated because of their potential to damage DNA in the skin. Experts said most deadly skin cancers could be ______(65) if people took the proper precautions when in the sun and avoided tanning beds. 51. A. young B. married C. middle-aged D. elderly 52. A. overtaken B. overseen C. overlooked D. overwhelmed 53. A. encouraging B. misleading C. worrying D. booming 54. A. occasionally B. hopefully C. surprisingly D. typically 55. A. line B. point C. turn D. start 56. A. up B. on C. off D. to 57. A. most B. more C. very D. much 58. A. allocate B. associate C. contribute D. attribute 59. A. ineffective B. dangerous C. exhausting D. comfortable 60. A. execution B. campaign C. reaction D. conquest 61. A. degrees B. ranks C. times D. steps 62. A. until B. while C. before D. although 63. A. less B. beneath C. lower D. under 64. A. debate B. caution C. legislation D. approval 65. A. avoided B. diagnosed C. predicted D. treated |
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