| 职称英语考试理工类每日一练（2015-12-15） |
| 第1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8题： Ford 1 Ford’s great strength was the manufacturing process--not invention． Long before he started a car company，he was a worker, known for picking up pieces of metal and wire and turning them into machines． He started putting cars together in 1891, although it was by no means the first popular automobile，the Model T showed the world just how creative Ford was at combining technology and market． 2 The company’s assembly line alone threw America’s Industrial Revolution into overdrive(高速运转)． Instead of having workers put together the entire car, Ford’s friends，who were great toolmakers from Scotland，organized teams that added parts to each Model T as it moved down a line． By the time Ford’s Highland Park plant was humming(嗡嗡作响)along in 1914，the world’s first automatic conveyor belt could turn out a car every 93 minutes． 3 The same year Henry Ford shocked the world with tile $5-a． day minimum Wage scheme． the greatest contribution he had ever made． The average Wage in the auto industry then was$2.34 for a 9-hour shift． Ford not only doubled that． he also took an hour off the workday． In those years it was unthinkable that a man could be paid that much for doing something that didn’t involve an awful lot of training or education． The Wall Street Journal called the plan“an economic crime’． and critics everywhere laughed at ford． 4 But as the wage increased later to daily$10，it proved a critical component of Ford’s dream to make the automobile accessible(可及的)to a11 The critics were too stupid to understand that because Ford had lowered his costs per car，the higher wages didn’t matter--except for making it possible for more people to buy cars． 23 paragraph 1_____. 24 paragraph 2_____. 25 paragraph 3_____. 26 paragraph 4_____. A, Ford’s Followers B, The Assembly Line C, Ford’s Great Dream D ,The Establishment of the Company E, Ford’s Biggest Contribution F, Ford’s Great Talent 27, The assembly line made it possible to _____. 28 Ford was the first to adopt _____. 29, Higher wages enabled many people to _____. 30, Ford’s higher-wage and lower-cost strategy was strongly _____. A, criticized by the media B, the low wage in the auto industry C, own a car D, Produce cars in large numbers E, the 8-hour-shift practice F, combined technology and market |
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| 第9、10、11、12、13题： A Phone That Knows You're Busy It's a modem problem: you're too busy to be disturbed by incessant (连续不断的) phonecalls so you turn your cell phone off. But if you don't remember to turn it back on when you'reless busy. You could miss some important calls if only the phone knew when it was wise tointerrupt you, you wouldn't have to tum it off at all. InsteaD. it could let calls through whenyou are not too busy. A bunch of behavior sensors (传感器) and a clever piece of software could do just that,by analyzing your behavior to determine if it's a good time to interrupt you. If built into aphone, the system may decide you're too busy and ask the caller to leave a message or ring backlater. James Fogarty and Scott Hudson at Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania based theirsystem oil tiny microphones, cameras and touch sensors that reveal body language and activity.First they had to study different behaviors to find out which ones strongly predict whether yourmind is interrupted. The potential "busyness" signals they focused on included whether the office doors wereleft open or closeD. the time of day, if other people were with the person in question, howclose they were to each other, and whether or not the computer was in use. The sensors monitored these and many other factors while four subjects were at work. Atrandom intervals, the subjects rated how interrupdble they were on a scale ranging from "highlyinterruptible" to "highly not-interruptible". Their ratings were then correlated with the variousbehaviors . "It is a shotgun (随意的) approach: we used all the indicators we could think ofand then let statistics find out which were important, " says Hudson. The model showed that using the keyboarD. and talking on a landline or to someone else in the office correlated most strongly with how interruptible the subjects judged themselves to be.Interestingly, the computer was actually better than people at predicting when someone was toobusy to be interrupted. The computer got it right 82 per cent of the time, humans 77 per cent.Fogarty speculates that this might be because people doing the interrupting are inevitably biasedtowards delivering their message, whereas computers don't care. The first application for Hudson and Fogarty's system is likely to be in an instant messagingsystem, followed by office phones and cellphones. "There is no technological roadblock ( 障碍) to it being deployed in a couple of years, " says Hudson. 36、A big problem facing people today is that A.they must tolerate phone disturbances or miss important calls B.they must turn off their phones to keep their homes quiet C.they have to switch from a desktop phone to a cell phone D.they are too busy to make phone calls 37、 The behavior sensor and software system built in a phone A.could help store messages B.could send messages instantly C.could tell when it is wise to interrupt you D.could identify important phone calls 38、 Scientists at Carnegie Menon University tried to find out A.why office doors were often left open B.when it was a good time to turn off the computer C.what questions office workers were bothered with D.which behaviors could tell whether a person was busy 39、 During the experiment, the subjects were asked A.to control the sensors and the camera B.to rate the degrees to which they could be interrupted C.to compare their behaviors with others' D.to analyze all the indicators of interruption 40、 The computer performed better than people in the study because A.the computer worked harder B.the computer was not busy C.people tended to be biased D.people were not good at statistics |
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| 第14题：She has consolidated her power. A.strengthened B.won C.hardened D.united |
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| 第15题：Leaves are not distributed accidentally on a plant stem, but are arranged in a very precise way that assures them the maximum light. A dangerously B densely C randomly D linearly |
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| 第16题：Hearing problems may be alleviated by changes in diet and exercise habits. A．removed B．cured C．worsened D．relieved |
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| 第17题： Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is still needed. A.physical B.mental C.natural D.hard |
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| 第18题： There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athlete breaks a previous record 0f perform alice． A．beats B．destroys C．maintains D．defends |
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| 第19题：It is ridiculous to dispute about such things. A.foolish B.shocking C.frightening D.amusing |
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| 第20、21、22、23、24题： Every Dog Has Its Say Kimiko Fukuda，a Japanese girl，always wondered what her dog was trying to say. Whenever she put on makeup，it would pull at her sleeve．_____(46)When the dog barks， she glances at a small electronic gadget (装置)．The following“human”translation appears on its screen：“Please take me with you．”“I realized that’s how he was feeling．”said Fukuda． The gadget is called Bowlingual，and it translates dog barks into feelings．People laughed when the Japanese toymaker Takara Company made the world’s first dog-human translation machine in 2002．But 300，000 Japanese dog owners bought it．______(47) “Nobody else had thought about it，”said Masahiko Kajita，who works for Takara“We spend so much time training dogs to understand our orders；what would it be like if we could understand dogs?” Bowlingual has two parts．____(48)The translation is done in the gadget using a database(资料库)containing every kind of bark． Based on animal behaviour research，these noises are divided into six categories：happiness， Sadness, frustration，anger，declaration and desire．_____(49)In this way，the database scientifically matches a bark to an emotion，which is then translated into one of 200 phrases． When a visitor went to Fukuda’s house recently，the dog barked a loud“bow wow”．This translated as“Don’t come this way”_____(50) The product will be available in US pet stores this summer for about US$120 It can store up to 100 barks，even recording the dog’s emotions when the owner is away． A A wireless microphone is attached to the dog’s collar,which sends information to the gadget held by the owner． B Nobody really knows how a dog feels C It was followed by“I’m stronger than you”as the dog growled(嗥叫)and sniffed(嗅)at the visitor D More customers are expected when the English version is launched this summer E Now，the Japanese girl thinks she knows F Each one of these emotions is then linked to a phrase like“Let’s play”，“Look at me”，or “Spend more time with me”． |
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| 第25、26、27、28、29题： 第三篇 Winged Robot Learns to Fly Learning how to fly took nature millions of years of trial and error —but a winged robot has cracked it in only a few hours, using the same evolutionary principles. Krister Wolff and Peter Nordin of Chalmers University of Technology (CUT) in Gothenburg , Sweden, built a winged robot and set about testing whether it could learn to fly by itself, without any pre-programmed data on what flapping is or how to do it. To begin with, the robot just twitched and jerked erratically. But, gradually, it made movements that gained height. At first, it cheated—simply standing on its wing tips was one early short cut. After three hours, however, the robot abandoned such methods in favor of a more effective flapping technique where it rotated its wings through 90 degrees and raised them before twisting them back to the horizontal and pushing down. “This tells us that this kind of evolution is capable of coming up with flying motion,” says Peter Bentley, who works on evolutionary computing at University College London. But while the robot had worked out how best to produce lift, it was not about to take off. “There’s only so much that evolution can do,” Bentley says. “This thing is never going to fly because the motors will never have the strength to do it,” he says. The robot had metre-long wings made from balsa wood and covered with a light plastic film. Small motors on the robot let it move its wings forwards or backwards. up or down or twist them in either direction. The team attached the robot to two vertical rods, so it could slide up and down. At the start of a test, the robot was suspended by an elastic band. A movement detector measured how much lift, if any, the robot produced for any given movement. A computer program fed the robot random instructions, at the rate of 20 per second, to test its flapping abilities. Each instruction told the robot either to do nothing or to move the wings slightly in the various directions. Feedback from the movement detector let the program work out which sets of instructions were best at producing lift. The most successful ones were paired up and “offspring” sets of instructions were generated by swapping instructions randomly between successful pairs. These next-generation instructions were then sent to the robot and evaluated before breeding a new generation, and the process was repeated. 41. Which of the following is NOT true of what is mentioned about the winged robot in the second paragraph? A. The two professors of CUT built the winged robot B. The two professors of CUT tested whether the winged robot could learn to fly. C. The two professors of CUT programmed the data on how the robot flapped its wings. D. The two professors of CUT tried to find out if the robot could fly by itself. 42. How did the robot behave at the beginning of the test? A. It rotated its wings through 90 degrees. B. It twitched but gradually gained height. C. It was twitched and broke down. D. It landed not long after the test. 43. Which of the following is nearest to Peter Bentley’s view on the winged robot? A. The winged robot could never really fly. B. The winged robot did not have a motor. C. The winged robot should go through further evolution before it could fly. D. The robot could fly if it were lighter. 44. What measured how much lift the robot produced? A. Two vertical rods. B. A movement detector. C. An elastic band. D. Both B and C. 45. What does “the process” appearing in the last paragraph refer to? A. Pairing up successful inst ructions. B. Sending instructions to the robot. C. Generating new sets of instructions for evaluation. D. All the above. |
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