| 职称英语考试卫生类每日一练（2015-12-22） |
| 第1、2、3、4、5题：第二篇 The Worker's Role in Management Traditionally, it has been the worker's role to work and management's role to manage. Managers have planned and directed the firm's operations with little thought of consulting the labor force. Managers have rarely felt compelled(被迫的) to obtain the worker's opinions or to explain their decisions to their employees. At most, companies have provided "suggestion boxes" in which workers could place ideas for improving procedures. In recent years, however, many management specialists have been arguing that workers are more than sellers of labor——they have a vital stake in the company and may be able to make significant contributions to its management. Furthermore, major company decisions profoundly affect workers and their dependents. This is particularly true of plant closings, which may put thousands on the unemployment lines. Should workers, then, play a stronger role in management? Workers should have a role in management. At the very least, the labor force should be informed of major policy decisions. (A common complaint among rank-and-file workers is the lack of information about company policies and actions.) Between 1980 and 1985 about five million workers were the victims of plant closings and permanent layoffs(失业), often with no warning. At least 90 day's notice ought to be given in such instances so that workers have time to adjust. Management should consult workers before closing a plant, because the workers might be able to suggest ways of improving productivity and reducing costs and might be willing to make concessions that will help keep the plant operating. It should become a general practice to include workers in some managerial decision making. There ought to be representatives of the workers on the firm's board of directors or other major policymaking groups. If rank-and-file workers are given a voice in the planning and management of the work flow, they will help to make improvement, their morale will rise, and their productivity will increase. As a further incentive, they must be given a share in the company's profits. This can be done through employee stockownership plans, bonuses, or rewards for efficiency and productivity. Finally, when a plant can no longer operate at a profit, the workers should be given the opportunity to purchase the plant and run it themselves. 36.It can be interred from Paragraph 1 that managers________. A. seldom obtained workers’opinions B. were not qualified C. disliked “suggestion boxes” D. never consulted the labor force. 37.In recent years, many management specialists have been arguing that workers________. A. are no longer sellers of the products B. are less affected by company decisions than before. C. are able to make final decisions for the company. D. should have a say in management of the company. 38.The word “rank-and-life”Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to___. A. senior B. ordinary C. intelligent D. capable 39.According to the passage, what happened between 1980 and 1985? A. Managers consulted workers before closing a plant. B. Workers did not make necessary concession. C. About five million workers were laid off without advance notice. D. Many companies were closed because of strikes. 40.It not given a voice in managenal decision making workers_____. A. may lack the incentive to increase their productivity. B. cannot get a share in the company’s profits. C. can still get bonuses for efficiency and productivity. D. will not have the opportunity to purchase the plant. |
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| 第6、7、8、9、10题：第三篇 Obesity(肥胖) in the Western World Obesity is rapidly becoming a new scourge of the western world, delegates agreed at the 11th European Conference on the issue in Vienna Wednesday to Saturday. According to statements before the opening of the conference —— of 2,000 specialists from more than 50 countries 一 1. 2 billion people worldwide are overweight, and 250 million are obese. Professor Bernhard Ludvik of Vienna General Hospital said，“ Obesity is a chronic illness. In Germany，20 per cent of the people are already affected，but in Japan only one per cent. ” But he said that there was hope for sufferers thanks to the new scientific discoveries and medication. Professor Friedrich Hopichler of Salzberg said, "We are living in the new age (but) with the metabolism(新陈代谢) of a stone-age man" “I have just been to the United States. It is really terrible. A pizza shop is springing up on every comer. We have been overrun by fast food and Coca-Cola-ization. ” Many of the experts stressed that obesity was a potential killer. Hopichler said, “Eighty percent of all diabetics are obese，also fifty per cent of all patients with high blood pressure and fifty per cent with adipose(脂肪的) tissue complaints. ” "Ten per cent more weight means thirteen per cent more risk of heart disease. Reducing one's weight by ten per cent leads to thirteen per cent lower blood pressure. ” Another expert Hermann Toplak said that the state health services should improve their financing of preventive programs. "Though the health insurance pays for surgery (such as reducing the size of the stomach) when the body-mass index is more than 40. That is equivalent to a weight of 116 kilograms for a height of 1.70 meters. One should start earlier. ” Ludvik said that prevention should begin in school. “ Child obesity (fat deposits) correlates(与……相关) with the time which children spend in front of TV sets. ” The consequences were only apparent later on. No more than fifteen per cent of obese people lived to the average life expectancy for their population group. 41.Which of the following is true about obesi A. People in Japan needn’t worry about obesity. B. Obesity is a disease that lasts for a long time. C.20% of the people in the world are overweight. D.Obesity should be cured with new medication 42. Which of the following does Prof. Friendrich Hopichler probably agree? A. Diabetes is mainly caused by obesity. B. 50% of patients with high blood pressure complained about obesity. C. The fast food supplied in American pizza shops is tasteless. D. The more one weights, the more likely he is to suffer from heart disease. 43.Hermann Toplak suggested that more money should be spent on_______. A. health insurance B. preventive programs C. state health services D. obesity-related surgeries 44.Which of the following is most often accompanied by obesity? A. Diabetes B. High blood pressure C. Stomachache D. Adipose tissue complaints 45.”The consequences” in the last paragraph result from people_____. A. reducing their weight B. eating fast food C. getting obese D. spending too much time in front of TV sets |
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| 第11、12、13、14、15题：The Day a Language Died When Carios Westez died at the age of 76. a language died, too. Westez, more commonly known as Red Thunder Cloud, was the last speaker of the Native American language. Catawba. Anyone who wants to hear the songs of the Catawba can contact the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., where, back in the 1940s, Red Thunder Cloud recorded a series of songs for future generations. __________(46)They are all that is left of the Catawba language. The language that people used to speak is gone forever. We are all aware of the damage that modern industry can do to the world’s ecology(生态).However, few people are aware of the impact widely spoken languages have on other languages and ways of life. English has spread all over the world. Chinese, Spanish, Russian, and Hindi have become powerful languages. As well, ___________(47).When this happens, hundreds of languages that are spoken by only a few die out. Scholars believe there are about 6,000 languages around the world, but more than half of them could die out within the next 100 years. There are many examples, Araki is a native language of the island of Vanuatu, located in the Pacific Ocean. It is spoken by only a few older adults，so like Catawba，Araki will soon disappear. Many languages of Ethiopia will have the same fate because each one has only a few speakers. _________(48)In the Americas, 100 languages, each of which has fewer than 300 speakers, also are dying out. Red Thunder Cloud was one of the first to recognize the threat of language death and to try to do something about it. He was not actually born into the Catawba tribe, and the language was not his mother tongue. _________(49). The songs he sang for the Smithsonian Institution helped to make Native American music popular. Now he is gone, and the language is dead. What does it mean when a language disappears? When a plant or insect or animal species dies, it is easy to understand what we’ve been lost and to appreciate what this means for the balance of the natural word. However, language is only a product of the mind. To be the last remaining speaker of a language，like Red Thunder Cloud，must be a lonely destiny, almost as strange and terrible as being the last surviving member of a dying species. ____________(50) A. As these language become more powerful. their use as tools of business and culture increase. B. For the rest of us, when a language dies, we lose the possibility of a unique way of seeing and describing the world. C . These language don’t have many native speakers. D . However，he was a frequent visitor to the Catawba reservation in South Carcinoma where he learned the language. E . Papua New Guinea is an extremely rich source of different languages，but more than 100 of them are in danger of extinction(灭绝). F . Some people might want to try to learn some of these songs by heart. |
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| 第16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29、30题：Teaching and Learning Medicine Award Two scientists who have won praise for research into the growth of cancer cells could be candidates for the Nobel prize in medicine when the 2008 winners are presented on Monday , kicking off six days of Nobel announcements. Australian-born U.S. citizen Elizabeth Blackbum and American Carol Greider have already won a series of medical________(51)for their enzyme(酶)research and experts say they could be among the front-runners for a Nobel. Only seven women have_______(52)the medicine prize since the first Nobel prizes were________(53) out in 1901. The last female winner was U.S. researcher Linda Buck in 2004, who_______(54)the prize with Richard Axel. Among the pair’s possible_______(55)are Frenchman Piene Chambon and Americans Ronald Evans and Elwood Jensen, who_________(56) up the field of studying proteins called nuclear hormone receptors(核激素受体). As usual,the award committee is giving no_________(57) about who is in the running before presenting its decision in a news conference at Stockholm’s Karolinska institute. Alfred Nobel, the Swede who__________(58) dynamite(炸药) established the prizes in his will in the__________(59) of medicine, physics, chemistry, literature and peace.The economics prize is technically not a Nobel but a 1968 creation of Sweden’s central bank. Nobel left few instructions on how to_________(60) winners, but medicine winners are typically__________(61) for a specific breakthrough rather than a body of research. Hans Jornvall, secretary of the medicine prize committee, said the 10 million kronor(瑞典克朗) prize encourages_________(62) research but he did not think winning it was the primary goal for scientists. “Individual researchers probably don’t__________(63) at themselves as potential Nobel Prize winners when they’re__________(64) work,” Jornvall told the Associated Press. They get their kicks from their research and their interest in how life___________(65). 51. A. signs B. Claims C. deals D. honors 52. A. lost B. taken C.won D. snatched 53. A. Handed B. Shouted C. read D. delivered 54. A. had B .received C. shared D. collected 55. A. rivals B. matches C. counterparts D. partners 56. A. backed B. opened C. picked D. worked 57. A. proposals B. suggestions C. ideas D. hints 58. A. saw B. discovered C. invented D. heard 59. A. groups B. divisions C. samples D. categories 60. A. find B. select C. locate D. search 61. A. awarded B. sent C. invited D .demanded 62. A. ordinary B. historical C. ongoing D. groundbreaking 63. A. regard B. laugh C. look D. smile 64. A. on B. for C. with D. at 65. A. means B. passes C. functions D. rises |
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| 第31题：Lack of space forbids further treatment of the topic here. A. receives B. deserves C. prevents D. accepts |
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| 第32题：This was disaster on a cosmic scale. A.modest B.commercial C.huge D.national |
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| 第33题：New secretaries came and went with monotonous regularity. A.amazing B.depressing C.predictable D.dull |
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| 第34题：A person’s wealth is often in inverse proportion to their happiness. A.equal B.certain C.large D.opposite |
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| 第35题：His professional career spanned 16 years. A.started B.changed C.lasted D.moved |
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| 第36题：The symptoms of the disease manifested themselves ten days later. A.eased B.improved C.relieved D.appeared |
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