| 职称英语考试理工类每日一练（2016-1-13） |
| 第1题：Many people in the region have died from the epidemic disease. A.infectious B.inferior C.infinite D.inevitable |
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| 第2、3、4、5、6、7、8题： Europa’swatery underworld Europa, one of Jupiter’s 63 known moons,looks bright and icy on the surface. But appearances can be deceiving: Mileswithin its cracked, frigid shell, Europa probably hides giant pools of liquidwater. Where scientists find liquid water, they hope to find life as well. Since we can’t go diving into Europa’sdepths just yet, scientists instead have to investigate the moon’s surface forclues to what lies beneath. In a new study, scientists investigated one groupof strange ice patterns on Europa and concluded that the formations mark thetop of an underground pool that holds as much water as the U.S. Great Lakes. Pictures of Europa, which is slightlysmaller than Earth’s moon, clearly show a tangled, icy mishmash of lines andcracks known as “chaos terrains.” These chaotic places cover more than half ofEuropa. For more than 10 years, scientists have wondered what causes theformations. The new study suggests that they arise from the mixing of vastunderground stores of liquid water with icy material near the surface. For scientists who suspect that Europaalso may be hiding life beneath its icy surface, the news about the new lake isexciting. “It would be great if these lakesharbored life,” Britney Schmidt, a planetary scientist who worked on the study,told Science News. “But even if they didn’t, they say that Europa is doingsomething interesting and active right now.” Schmidt, a scientist at the University of Texas at Austin, and her colleagueswanted to know how chaos terrains form. Since they couldn’t rocket to Europa tosee for themselves, they searched for similar formations here on Earth. Theystudied collapsed ice shelves in Antarctica and icy caps on volcanoes in Iceland. Thosefeatures on Earth formed when liquid water mixed with ice. The scientists nowsuspect something similar might be happening on Europa: that as water and iceof different temperatures mingle and shift, the surface fractures. This wouldexplain the jumbled ice sculptures. “Fracturing catastrophically disruptsthe ice in the same way that it causes ice shelves to collapse on Earth,”Schmidt told Science News. She and her team found that the process could becausing chaos terrains to form quickly on Europa. The new study suggests that on thismoon, elements such as oxygen from the surface blend with the deep bodies ofwater. That mixture may create an environment that supports life. 16.The liquid water of an underground pool of Europa is estimated xxxxx of the US Greatlakes. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mention 17.The strange ice patterns on Europa are formed as a result of a xxxxx undergroundwater pool. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mention 18.Europa is the most recently discovered one among Jupiter’s A. Right B. Wrong C. Notmention 19.The size of Europa is a bit larger than that of Earth’s moon. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mention 20.Schmidt and her colleagues are the first group of scientists xxxxx Europa. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mention 21.The formations on Europa’s surface are rather unique in the A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mention 22.The existence of liquid water is a necessity for a life-support A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mention |
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| 第9题：Such a database would be extremely costly to set up. A.transfer B.destroy C.establish D.update |
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| 第10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24题： Seeing Red Means Danger Ahead The color red often means danger and by paying attention，accidents can be prevented． In thefuture，the color red also may help__________(51)danger at construction sites．Thanks to new workby engineers，bridge supports or_________(52)kinds of materials could one dav contain a colorswitching material．It will turn red__________(53)a structure collapses or falls apart． The secret_________(54)the color switching material is a particular type of molecule(分子)． A molecule is a group of atoms(原子)held together by chemical bonds．Molecules come (55)all shapes and sizes，and make up___________(56)．You can see，touch or feel．How a mole． cule behaves depends on___________(57)kinds of atoms it contains，and how thev're held together． When a polymer(聚合物)containing a color switching molecule called a mechanophore(机械响应性聚合物)which is about to break，it produce a__________(58)．When a polymer withmechanophore molecules becomes"injured"or_______________(59)，one of the mechanophore bonds__________(60)and the material turns red．"It's a really simple detection method．"says NancySottos，one of the scientists who worked on the project． Sottos and her team tested the color switc． hing polymers in their lab．The test__________(61)proved encouraging． There is a way to get rid of the color．light．When a bright light is shone on the mechanophore． The broken bond is fixed and the red color____________(62)．This"self-healing"may be a Problemfor engineers．They need to use the color changer in big construction projects that will be (63)in sunlight．And sunlight will make the mechanophore's warming system_________(64)． Sottos and her fellow scientists still have______________(65)work to do before．The color switc． hing molecules can be used outside the lab． 51．A．throw B．prevent C．create D．keep 52．A．other B．another C．the other D．others 53．A．until B．although C．after D．before 54．A．on B．behind C．under D．down 55．A．for B．in C．from D．at 56．A．nothing B．anyone C．someone D．everything 57．A．why B．how C．what D．where 58．A.color B．trouble C．what D．where 59．A．strong B．soff C．weak D．time 60．A．closes B．breaks C．increases D．bums 61．A．results B．rules C．tools D．methods 62．A．repairs B．controls C．finishes D．disappears 63．A．inside B．beside C．outside D．above 64．A．dangerous B．useless C．helpful D．important 65．A．a part of B．a type of C．a lot of D．a part of |
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| 第25、26、27、28、29题：Superconductor Ceramic (陶瓷) An underground revolution begins this winter. With the flip (轻击) of a switch,30,000homes in one part of Detroit will soon become the first in the country to receive electricitytransmitted by ice cold high performance cables. Other American cities are expected to followDetroit's example in the years ahead, which could conserve enormous amounts of power. The new electrical cables at the Frisbie power station in Detroit are revolutionary becausethey are made of superconductors. A superconductor is a material that transmits electricity withlittle or no resistance. Resistance is the degree to which a substance resists electric current. Allcommon electrical conductors have a certain amount of electrical resistance. They convert atleast some of the electrical energy passing through them into waste heat. Superconductors don't.No one understands how superconductivity works. It just does. Making superconductors isn't easy. A superconductor material has to be cooled to an extremely low temperature to lose its resistance. The first superconductors, made more than 50years ago, had to be cooled to -263 degrees Celsius before they lost their resistance. Newersuperconducting materials lose their resistance at -143 degrees Celsius. The superconductors cable installed at the Frisbie station is made of a ceramic material thatcontains copper, oxygen, bismuth (铋), strontium (锶), and calcium (钙). A ceramic is ahard, strong compound made from clay or minerals. The superconducting ceramic has beenfashioned into a tape that is wrapped lengthwise around a long tube filled with liquid nitrogen.Liquid nitrogen is super cold and lowers the temperature of the ceramic tape to the point where itconveys electricity with zero resistance. The United States loses an enormous amount of electricity each year to resistance. Becausecooled supercondUutors have no resistance, they waste much less power, other cities arewatching the Frisbie experiment in the hope that they might switch to superconducting cable andconserve power, too. What is the benefit of the revolution mentioned in the first paragraph? A.With a flip of swish, electricity can be transmitted. B.Other American cities can benefit from the high-performance cables. C.Great amounts of power can be conserved. D.Detroit will first receive electricity transmitted by the new electrical cables 37、 Compared to common electrical conductors, superconductors__________ A.have little or no electrical resistance B.Can be used for along time C.are not energy-efficient D.can be made easily 38、 At what temperature does the superconducting ceramic lose its resistance__________? A.-143 degree Celsius. B.-263 degree Celsius. C.As long as it is ice-cold. D.Absolute zero. 39、 What element enables the ceramic tape to lower its temperature__________? A.Copper. B.Liquid nitrogen. C.Clay. D.Calcium. 40、 According to the last paragraph, which of the following statements is NOT true__________? A.Other cities hope they Can also conserve power. B.Other cities hope they Can use superconducting cables soon. C.Superconductors waste less power because of their low resistance. D.The Fribie experiment is not successful. |
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| 第30、31、32、33、34题：Newspapers often tell us of floods in some parts of the United States. Nearly every year on the great central drainages heavy rains and melting snow cause the waters to pour out the mountains and plains, to turn brooks into torrents, and to swell quiet streams into wild uncontrolled rivers. From Cairo to New Orleans, and from Pittsburgh to Paducah, the cry "River rising!" is a familiar yet fearful voice. . . When the rivers sometimes become too high or too swift to be controlled communities are flooded, families flee from their homes, croplands are washed out, and transportation comes to a halt. Hunger, disease, and death follow the wild waters. Although given less publicity, the agricultural damage done by the many smaller, more frequent floods usually far exceeds the losses caused by the very grand ones. In the Central States, ditches and drains cause the flows from spring rains and melting snow to run far more rapidly than in the days before white men settled on the land. Once, excess spring flood waters emptied into lakes and swampy lands, there to be detained for slow release into stream and rivers. Now, systematic drainage has actually eliminated these natural reservoirs. In the more rolling sections of the East, spring runoff was formerly absorbed and held temporarily in the porous soils beneath the unbroken expanse of forest. When large areas were converted to farm use, removal of the forest and the practice of up-and-down hill plowing deprived the soils of much of their ability to catch and store water. The effects of eliminating the natural forest cover are shown in the gullied farm lands and widened stream channels found in some densely settled areas. Partly because the stream channels are more or less filled with material washed down from the uplands, and partly because storm runoff has increased, the channels are today no longer able to carry all the flow from heavy rains. This explains why the streams overtop banks far more often than in the days before settlement. 31. The best title for the selection would be______. A. River Rising! River Rising! B. Forests and Floods C. Flooding in the U. S. D. The Results of Flooding 32. All of the following cause floods EXCEPT______. A. heavy rain B. melting snow C. increasing storm runoff D. porous soil 33. The author states that______. A. lakes and swamps once acted like natural reservoirs B. up-and-down hill plowing catches and stores water C. stream channels are the best carriers of water D. floods are easily prevented and controlled 34. According to the selection, streams overtop their banks partly because______. A. material from higher land is washed into them B. ditches and drains lead into them C. rivers become too swift D. snow melts more rapidly nowadays 35. The floods which are given most publicity______. A. cause no damage B. cause the most damage C. cause less agricultural damage than the many smaller, more frequent floods D. far exceed the smaller, more frequent floods in agricultural loss |
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| 第35题： His shoes were shined to perfection. A .cleared B polished C washed D mended |
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| 第36题：It is ridiculous to dispute about such things. A.foolish B.shocking C.frightening D.amusing |
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| 第37题：Medieval cities grew rapidly when they had harbors nearby. A merchants B castles C suburbs D ports |
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| 第38、39、40、41、42、43、44、45题： Breaking the News about Your Diagnosis 1 When I was diagnosed with breast cancernearly a year ago, I found myself at a loss for words at first. Over time,however, I developed some pointers （点子）, which I hopewill help others. 2 During the first few weeks of emotional"aftershocks" （余悸） from the diagnosis, Ifound myself unable to utter the word "cancer". Still, I wanted toshare the news with my relatives and friends who already knew that I'd had abiopsy （活检） and were anxiously awaiting my telephonecall. I did the best I could, which is all anyone can do in this situation.When I called them, I said, "What we feared has happened." Theyimmediately knew what I meant. 3 Nearly a year after my diagnosis, I findmyself more comfortable telling people "I was diagnosed with cancer"instead of saying "I have cancer." On some deep level, I don't wantto "own" this illness. Choose language that suits you when you shareyour new. And keep in mind that there is no one "right" way of doingthis. 4 Most people, after hearing your announcement,will be curious about the next step. They may wonder if you will be undergoingradiation therapy （诊疗） and/or chemotherapy （化疗）. They may wonder where and when you will have surgery. Answer theirquestions as best you can, but keep in mind that "I don't know rightnow" or "I'm still in too much shock to think about that" aregood answers. 5 Wait until the initial wave of strongemotions has passed before telling the children in your life. Don't overwhelm （使不知所措） very young children with too much information. Assure them that,even if you will be in the hospital for a while, they will see you every dayand they will be cared for. Older children may already fear the word"cancer", so be prepared to reassure them. Emphasize the positivesteps that doctors will be taking to treat your illness. 1 Paragraph 2 2 Paragraph 3 3 Paragraph 4 4 Paragraph 5 A Break the news as calmly as possible tochildren B Break the news at your own pace C Share the good news with your friends D Choose language that suits you E Follow your doctor's advice F Be prepared for people's curiosity 5 You can break the news about your diagnosiswithout saying 6 When breaking the news about your diagnosis,you can have 7 After hearing about your diagnosis, peoplewill ask questions 8 Very young children won't feel comfortable A your own choice of words B the word "cancer" C the positive steps D about the next step E on too many answers F with too much information |
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