【单选题】{{B}}第二篇{{/B}}
In 18th-century colonialAmerica, those who wanted to become physicians either learned as personal students from established professionals or went abroad to study in the traditional schools of London, Paris, andEdinburgh. Medicine was first taught formally by specialists at the University of Pennsylvania, beginning in 1765, and in 1767 at King’sCollege (nowColumbia University), the first institution in the colonies to give the degree of doctor of medicine. Following theAmerican Revolution, theColumbia medical faculty (formerly of King’sCollege) was combined with theCollege of Physicians and Surgeons, chartered in 1809, which survives as a division ofColumbia University.
In 1893, the Johns Hopkins Medical School required ail applicants to have a college degree and was the first to afford its students the opportunity to further their training in an attached teaching hospital. The growth of medical schools attached with established institutions of learning went together with the development of proprietary (私营的) schools of medicine run for personal profit, most of which had low standards and poor facilities. In 1910,Abraham Flexner, theAmerican education reformer, wrote MedicalEducation in the United States andCanada, exposing the poor conditions of most proprietary schools. Subsequently, theAmerican MedicalAssociationAMA、and theAssociation ofAmerican MedicalCollegesAAMC、laid down standards for course content, qualifications of teachers, laboratory facilities, connection with teaching hospitals, and licensing of medical practitioners (开业医师) that survive to this day.
By the late 1980s the U.S. andCanada had 1424-year medical colleges recognized by the Liaison (联络)Committee on MedicalEducation to offer the M.D、degree; during the 1987-88 academic year, 47,262 men and 25,686 women entered these colleges and an estimated 11,752 men and 5,958 women were graduateD、Graduates, after a year of internship (实习期), receive licenses to practice if they pass an examination given either by a state board or by the NationalBoard of MedicalExaminers.
B．had good facilities.
C．had high standards.
D．were in poor conditions.
网考网参考答案：D
网考网解析：
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