| 在职攻硕英语易错题（2019/2/26） |
| 第1题：During recent years we have heard much about "race": how this race does certain things and that race believes certain things and so on. Yet, the (51) phenomenon of race consists of few surface indications. We judge race usually from the coloring of the skin: a white race, a brown race, a yellow race and a black race.But (52) you were to remove the skin you could not tell anything about the race to which the individual belongeD、There is nothing in physical structure, the brain or the internal organs to (53) a difference. There are four types of blooD、All types are found in every race, and no type is distinct to any race. Human brains are the (54) . No scientists could examine a brain and tell you the race to which the individual belongeD、Brains will (55) in size, but this occurs within every race. (56) does size have anything to do with intelligence. The largest brain ever examined belonged to a person of weak (57) . On the other hand, some of our most distinguished people have had (58) brains. Mental tests which are reasonably (59) show no differences in intelligence between races. High and low test results both can be recorded by different members of any race. (60) equal educational advantages, there will be no difference in average standings, either on account of race or geographical location. A、true B、exactC、certain D、accurate |
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| 第3题：The concept of the family is difficult to define. Part of the difficulty is that in everyday language, the term family is used to describe a number of relationships. These range from the biological, nuclear family of mother, father, and child and siblings, to the more extended family which includes several generations of blood relatives or relatives through marriage, to close and intimate friends, even to humankind, or the "family of man. " The wide variation in everyday usage is less apparent in formal definitions, but even here there is a lack of consensus. Formal definitions do not always fit informal definitions. The U. S.Bureau of theCensus, which collects information used by social scientists, defines family as "a group of two or more person related by blood, marriage, or adoption and residing together in a househol D、"A、household is comprised of "all persons who occupy a housing unit, that is, a house, an apartment, or other group of rooms, or a single room that constitutes separate living quarters. " This definition considers the family in terms of only its structure and legal status, not the qualities of the relationship or its functions or activities. TheCensusBureau thus would accept as a family two legally related people who hated each other and were just living together for their mutual economic advantage. Their definition also includes sexual and nonsexual relations; married women and men living together in sexual unions are families, but so are brothers and sisters living together in nonsexual unions. Many social scientists often distinguish between the family of origin and the family of procreation (生殖, 生产). Most of us are simultaneously members of two families: the family of origin, into which we are born and of which we are always considered a member, even if we leave it, and the family of procreation, which we join as adults for the purpose of procreation and rearing children. Some social scientists also distinguish marriage from family and see the two as independent of one another. They argue that the family can exist regardless of whether the couple is marrie D、They see marriage as a public ceremony which joins together two kinship groups and in so doing lays out some important rights over children, domestic authority, and sexual matters. Marriage is also the ritual through which children are made legitimate in the eyes of the parents and the society. Marriage therefore is a social ceremony, whereas family need not be. An extended family ______. A、is composed of several nuclear families B、does not include people with no blood relationships C、includes close and intimate friends D、is usually larger than a nuclear family |
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| 第4题：{{B}}Passage Three{{/B}} Sagan believes that before theEarth’s resources are completely exhausted, it will be possible to change the atmosphere of Venus and so create a new world almost as large asEarth itself. The difficulty is that Venus is much hotter than theEarth and there is only a tiny amount of water there. Sagan proposed that algae, organisms that can live in extremely hot or cold atmospheres and at the same time produce oxygen, should be bred in conditions similar to those on Venus.As soon as this has been done, the algae will be placed in small rockets. Spaceships will then fly to Venus and fire the rockets into the atmosphere. In a fairly short time, the algae will break down the carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbon. When the algae have done their works, the atmosphere will become cooler but before man can set foot on Venus, it will be necessary for the oxygen to produce rain. The surface of the planet will still be too hot for men to land on it but the rain will eventually fall and in a few years something likeEarth will be reproduced on Venus. If the experiments are successful, life will become possible there, but it will not be pleasant at first. When they go to Venus, the first colonists will have to take plenty of water with them and get used to days and nights lasting 60Earth-days.But there will also be some advantages. The colonists will live longer because their hearts will suffer less strain than onEarth.Apart from that, they will be exploiting a new world while those still onEarth are living in closed, uncomfortable conditions. Perhaps it will be the only way to ensure the survival of the human race. |
| 第5题：There is no question that the academic enterprise has become increasingly global, particularly in the sciences. Nearly three million students now study outside their home countriesa 57% increase in the last decade. Foreign students now dominate many U.S. doctoral programs, accounting for 64% of Ph.D、s in computer science, for example. Faculty members are on the move, too. Half of the world’s top physicists no longer work in their native countries.And major institutions such as New York University are creating branch campuses in the MiddleEast andAsiA、There are now 162 satellite campuses worldwide, an increase of 43% in just the past three years. At the same time, growing numbers of traditional source countries for students from South Korea to SaudiArabia (沙特阿拉伯), are trying to improve both the quantity and quality of their own degrees, engaging in a fierceand expensiverace to recruit students and create world-class research universities of their own. Such competition has led to considerable hand-wringing in the West.During a 2008 campaign stop, for instance, then—candidateBarack Obama expressed alarm about the threat that such academic competition poses to U. S. competitiveness. Such concerns are not limited to the United States. In some countries, worries about educational competition and brain drains have led to academic protectionism. India, for instance, places legal and bureaucratic barriers in front of Western universities that want to set up satellite campuses to enroll local students. Perhaps some of the anxiety over the new global academic enterprise is understandable, particularly in a period of massive economic uncertainty.But educational protectionism is as big a mistake as trade protectionism is. The globalization of higher education should be embraced, not fearedincluding in the United States. There is every reason to believe that the worldwide competition for human talent, the race to produce innovative research, the push to extend university campuses to multiple countries, and the rush to train talented graduates who can strengthen increasingly knowledge-based economies will be good for the United States, as well. In the last paragraph, the author tries to emphasize that ______. A、the academic enterprise has become global B、academic competition has led to protectionism C、worries over educational competition are understandable D、educational protectionism cannot be justified |
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