在职攻硕英语考试

【单选题】Some governments have forbidden cigarette ______ and launched anti-smoking campaigns.
A．commissions
B．commodities
C．commercials
D．commands

【单选题】spEAkErA、ExCusE mE, Do you nEED A hAnD
spEAkErB、______
A、oh, yEs, plEAsE. i hAvEn’t usED onE likE this BEForE.
B、no, thAnk you. i Don’t nEED AnothEr hAnD、
C、sorry, Do you know how to Do this ExErCisE
D、oF CoursE. i nEED A hAnD、

【单选题】People will find themselves suffering from headache and watering eyes, and even snowhlindness, when______to several hours of "snow light".
A．being exposed
B．having been exposed
C．exposed
D．exposing

【单选题】Remember global warmingBack inDecember, the threat of climate change was thundering, and the rich countries agreed to cut their carbon-dioxide and other green-house-related emissions. Since then, interest has cooled markedly, and manyEuropean countries are already running away from the promises they made so loudly a few months ago.But there has been much talk, and a bit of action, to encourage renewable (可更新的) energies such as wind, hydro, solar and all living organisms. These emit no greenhouse gases, but tend to cost more than coal, oil or gas.
The better, simpler idea is to remember that the easiest way to reduce something is to tax it—in this case, by taxing the carbon content of power. The dirtier the power, the more tax it would pay. So dirty coal would be more expensive than clean coal, which would see its price rise in relation to oil, which would be even more expensive compared to gas, which would lose some of its price advantage over renewables.
Unless a carbon tax was so huge as to be economically crippling, it would not remove the price differential (差别) between all renewables and fossil fuels.But it would narrow that gap, by fixing the differing environmental costs into the price—a useful principle in itself. It would also give renewable producers a strong incentive to cut costs, and fossil-fuel suppliers an motivation to clean their products.
Precedents suggest strongly that a carbon tax would be effective.But the disadvantage to carbon taxes is political.After almost a decade of trying, theEuropean Union gave up an attempt at aEuropean carbon tax last year. Germany’s ruling coalition is fighting against a proposed energy tax. InAmerica, politicians believe that even mentioning the notion is certain death.But many of the political objections could be met if a carbon tax were made up for the loss elsewhere, for example by lowering payroll or sales taxes. There is always suspicion when governments come up with clever new ways to tax, and rightly so. The response to that suspicion should be to win the argument, not to abandon it.
We can infer from the passage that carbon tax ______.
A、couldn’t be as effective as people expect
B、has encouraged renewable producers to cut costs
C、has reduced consumption of the carbon content energy successfully
D、couldn’t be that effective if fossil fuels would not be forbidden

【单选题】Last week 22 cars were reported to have been stolen. of these only one has been found, ______in Rockinghill Palace Road, 20 miles away.
A．abandoned
B．being abandoned
C．having been abandoned
D．to be abandoned

【单选题】Our trouble lies in a simple confusion, one to which economists have been prone since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. Growth and ecology operate by different rules.Economists tend to assume that every problem of scarcity can be solved by substitution, by replacing tuna with tilapia, without factoring in the long-term environmental implications of either.But whereas economies might expand, ecosystems do not. They change—pine gives way to oak, coyotes arrive in NewEngland—and they reproduce themselves, but they do not increase in extent or abundance year after year. Most economists think of scarcity as a labor problem. Imagining that only energy and technology place limits on production. To harvest more wood, build a better chain saw; to pump more oil, drill more wells; to get more food, invent pest-resistant plants.
That logic thrived on new frontiers and more intensive production, and it held off the prophets of scarcity—from Thomas Robert Malthus to PaulEhrlich—whose predictions of famine and shortage have not come to pass. TheAgricultural Revolution that began in seventeenth-centuryEngland radically increased the amount of food that could be grown on an acre of land, and the same happened in the 1960s and 1970s when fertilizer and hybridized seeds arrived in India and Mexico.But the picture looks entirely different when we change the scale. Industrial society is roughly 250 years olD、make the last ten thousand years equal to twenty-four hours, and we have been producing consumer goods andCO₂ for only the last thirty-six minutes.Do the same for the past 1 million years of human evolution, and every thing from the steam engine to the search engine fits into the past twenty-one seconds. If we are not careful, hunting and gathering will look like a far more successful strategy of survival than economic growth. The latter has changed so much about the earth and human societies in so little time that it makes more sense to be cautious than triumphant.
Although food scarcity, when it occurs, is a localized problem, other kinds of scarcity are already here. Groundwater is alarmingly low in regions all over the world, but the most immediate threat to growth is surely petroleum.
What happened in the 1960s and 1970s
A、Food production increased in IndiA、
B、Fertilizer began to be used inEnglanD、
C、Hybridized plants were grown in the US.
D、Land expansion occurred in Mexico.

【分析解答题】Our life is nothing more than our time. To kill time is therefore a form of suicide. We are shocked when we think of death, and we spare no pains, no trouble, and no expense to preserve life.But we are too often indifferent to the loss of an hour or of a day, forgetting that our life is the sum total of the days and of the hours we live.
A、day or an hour wasted is therefore so much life forfeiteD、Our life is a brief span measuring some seventy or eighty years in all.But nearly one third of this has to be spent in sleep; some years have to be spent over our meals; some in making journeys on land and voyages by sea; some in merrymaking; some in watching over the sickbeds of our nearest and dearest relatives. Now if all these years were to be reduced from the term over which our life extends, we shall find about twenty or thirty years at our disposal for active work. Whoever remembers this can never willingly waste a single moment of his life.

【单选题】During the fire, he ______ people into groups which carried sand and water to throw onto the flames.
A、called
B、organized
C、madeD、planned

【单选题】ADvErtising is A Form oF sElling. For thousAnDs oF yEArs thErE hAvE BEEn inDiviDuAls who hAvE triED to (51) othErs to Buy thE FooD thEy hAvE proDuCED or thE gooDs thEy hAvE mADE or thE sErviCEs thEy CAn (52) .
But in thE 19th CEntury thE mAss proDuCtion oF gooDs (53) thE inDustriAl rEvolution mADE pErson-to-pErson sElling inEFFiCiEnt. thE mAss DistriBution oF gooDs thAt (54) thE DEvElopmEnt oF thE rAilwAy AnD highwAy mADE pErson-to-pErson sElling too slow AnD ExpEnsivE.At thE sAmE timE mAss CommuniCAtion First nEwspApErs AnD mAgAzinEs thEn rADio AnD tElEvision mADE mAss sElling through (55) possiBlE.
thE oBjECtivE oF Any ADvErtisEmEnt is to ConvinCE pEoplE thAt it is in thEir BEst (56) to tAkE thE ACtion thE ADvErtisEr is rECommEnDing. thE ACtion (57) BE to purChAsE A proDuCt, usE A sErviCE, votE For A politiCAl CAnDiDAtE or EvEn to join thEArmy.
ADvErtising As A (58) DEvElopED First AnD most rApiDly in thE unitED stAtEs Country thAt usEs it to thE grEAtEst (59) . in 1980 ADvErtising ExpEnDiturEs in thE u. s. ExCEEDED 55 Billion DollArs or (60) 2 pErCEnt oF thE gross nAtionAl proDuCt.CAnADA spEnt ABout 1.2 pErCEnt oF its gross nAtionAl proDuCt on ADvErtising.
A、trAnsFErB、sECurE C、EnjoyD、pErForm

【单选题】Man: I thought the librarian said we could check out as many books as we need with our library cards.
Woman: That’s right, but not those reference books.
Question: What does the woman mean
A、Students with a library card can check any book out.
B、Reference books are not allowed to he checked out.
C、Only students with a library card can check out reference books.
D、The number of books a student can check out is unlimiteD、