在职申硕英语习题练习
| 在职申硕英语考试易错题（2019/1/31） |
| 第1题：{{B}}Passage Three{{/B}} For policymakers everywhere, the task is to get the little critters to nest and breeD、Give them the conditions they like--plenty of venture capital, tax breaks and a risk-taking culture—and the sun will shine on all of us, just like inCaliforniA、 Along comesAmarBhide to tell us most of this is plain wrong.Entrepreneurs, he asserts, are not risk-takers at all. Nor do most of them innovate, or depend on venture capital. His findings are striking enough. Start with his assertion that entrepreneurs are not innovators or risk-takers. The vast majority of new businesses, he points out, start small and stay that way. These are the hairdressing salons, corner shops and landscape gardeners. Those are mature, predictable industries. For just that reason, they are the least profitable. The success stories come in areas of high uncertainty, where markets are changing fast because of technology, regulation or fashion.A、very large proportion, unsurprisingly, are in computing. But Mr.Bhide insists they are rarely innovative. The people who start high-growth businesses take a humdrum idea, usually from someone else, then change it constantly to fit the market. The starting point is much less important than what happens next. Nor are they risk-takers. These are typically young people, with no money, expertise or status. They have nothing to lose. Risk arrives later on, when they have made their pile and must decide whether to invest in long-term growth or sell out. This is one reason why so few promising start-ups become aDell or Microsoft. Taking planned, calculated risks is the job of big, established companies, Mr.Bhide argues. True entrepreneurs rarely have the temperament for it. What they have, instead, is a high tolerance for ambiguity--defined as knowledge that you know you do not have. Few of Mr.Bhide’s interviewees began with any kind of business plan. That would have been a waste of time: the future was simply too uncertain. Therein lay their opportunity. Big companies may be happy with risk, but they cannot stand ambiguity. They can invest billions in a chip plant or oil field, but only when they know the odds. When the odds are unknown, entrepreneurs have the game to themselves. |
B．the success stories of entrepreneurs
C．qualities of successful entrepreneurs
D．differences between entrepreneurs and big companies
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| 第3题：The process by means of which human beings arbitrarily make certain things stand for other things many be called the symbolic process. Everywhere we turn, we see the symbolic process at work. There are (61) things men do or want to do, possess or want to possess, that have not a symbolic value. Almost all fashionable clothes are (62) symbolic, so is fooD、We (63) our furniture to serve (64) visible symbols of our taste, wealth, and social position. We often choose our houses (65) the basis of a feeling that it "looks well" to have a "good address. " We trade perfectly good cars in for (66) models not always to get better transportation, but to give (67) to the community that we can (68) it. Such complicated and apparently (69) behavior leads philosophers to ask over and over again, "why can’t human beings (70) simply and naturally. " Often the complexity of human life makes us look enviously at the relative (71) of such lives as dogs and cats. Simply, the fact that symbolic process makes complexity possible is no (72) for wanting to (73) to a cat-and-dog existence.A、better solution is to understand the symbolic process (74) instead of being its slaves we become, to some degree at least, its (75) . A．1ead B．devote C．proceed D．return |
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| 第4题：Compared with their cosmologist(宇宙学家) colleagues, cosmogonists(星源学家) can sound a little old-fashione D、EdgarAllen Poe turned to the mysteries of cosmogony in an 1848 public lecture, just reprinted by Hesperus Press.And we encountered a reference to cosmogonists most recently in a new edition of Poe’s prose poemEurek A、 What’s the difference between cosmologists and cosmogonists Just two letters and a few billion light years.Cosmologists worry about where the Universe came from, cosmogonists with how the Solar System forme D、The interesting thing is that one-and-a-half centuries after Poe, they still can’t reach agreement on what happened in the nearest 5 light years of space. What’s the problem It turns out that there are a couple of competing explanations for why our neighbourhood is the shape it is, as well as several bizarre anomalies in the dat A、Cosmogonists know that the Solar System is essentially flat. With the exception of two tiny outliers, Mercury and Pluto, the orbits of all the other planets lie in very nearly the same plane.And most cosmogonists agree that this is because the planets themselves formed from a nebular(星云状的)disc orbiting the early Sun, which had itself coalesced out of the same cloud of gas and dust. But there’s a catch. If the planets and the Sun came from the same nebular disc, then the Sun’s equator should lie in the planetary plane. It doesn’t. The Sun leans over at an angle of 7.25° The majority of cosmogonists insist that the angle is so close to zero that it really doesn’t matter.Anyway, they add, the Sun has been losing mass for most of its life, and may have slipped a little. The remaining minority aren’t having this. How can 7.25° be the same as zero The Sun and the planets did come from cosmic dust, they say, but not from the same cloud of material. The Sun took shape somewhere in the Galaxy. Then it sailed along and picked up the planets—or perhaps the gas and dust that gave birth to them—elsewhere. Is a tilting Sun the cosmogonists’ only headache Not at all. It’s also hard to agree on how the outer planets forme D、Far out in the nebular disc, matter would have been so spread out that it couldn’t quickly have dumped together. Some suggest planet-sized gravitational instabilities, others can find no reason for Uranus and Neptune to have formed yet. The closer you get to home, it seems, the deeper the mysteries. A、cosmologist differs from a cosmogonist in that ______. A、he sounds a bit old-fashioned B．he learns fromEdgarAllen Poe C．he studies the origin of the whole Universe D、he tries to explain how the Solar System formed |
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| 第5题：Most people who travel long distance complain of jetlag. Jetlag makes business travelers less productive and more prone (61) making mistakes. It is actually caused by (62) of your "body clock"—a small cluster of brain cells that controls the timing of biological (63) The body clock is designed for a (64) rhythm of daylight and darkness, so that it is thrown out of balance when it (65) daylight and darkness at the "wrong" times in a new time zone. The (66) of jetlag of ten persist for days (67) the internal body clock slowly adjusts to the new time zone. Now a new anti-jetlag system is (68) that is based on proven (69) pioneering scientific research.Dr. Martin Mooreede had (70) a practical strategy to adjust the body clock much sooner to the new time zone (71) controlled exposure to bright light. The time zone shift is easy to accomplish and eliminates (72) of the discomfort of jetlag. A、successful time zone shift depends on knowing the exact times to either (73) or avoid bright light.Exposure to light at the wrong time can actually make jetlag worse. The proper schedule (74) light exposure depends a great deal on (75) travel plans. A．extensive B．tentative C．broad D．inclusive |
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