在职申硕英语考试易错题（2019/2/15）

在职申硕英语考试易错题（2019/2/15）

第1题：Scraps of food could soon be helping power your home, thanks to an ultra-cheap bacteria-driven battery. Its developers hope that instead of feeding the dog or making garden compost(混合肥料) ,organic household waste could top up your home’s electricity.
Although such "microbial fuel cells" (MFCs)have been developed in the past, they have always proved extremely inefficient and expensive. NowChris Melhuish and technologists at the University of the West ofEngland(UWE、inBristol have come up with a simplified MFC、that costs as little as ￡10 to make.
Right now, their fuel cell runs only on sugar cubes, since these produce almost no waste when broken down, but they aim to move on to carrot power. "It has to be able to use raw materials, rather than giving it a refined fuel," says Melhuish.
Inside the Walkman-sized battery, a colony ofE、coil bacteria produce enzymes that break down carbohydrates, releasing hydrogen atoms. The cell also contains chemicals that drive a series of redox, or reduction and oxidation reactions, stripping electrons from the hydrogen atoms and delivering them steadily to the fuel cell’s anode(正极). This creates a voltage that can be used to power a circuit.
To prove the MFC、works, the researchers are using it to power a small light-sensitive robot.And when a number of the cells are connected in series, they could power domestic appliances, running a 40-watt bulb for eight hours on about 50 grams of sugar.
Earlier MFCs were inefficient because they relied on energy-hungry filters and pumps.By experimenting with different anode materials, the UWE、team have figured out how to make their system work: they dump the bacteria and redox chemicals directly into the cell.
In its current form, the UWE、team says its organic battery can produce eight times as much power as any previous MFC、But Melhuish wants to improve this, both by scaling it up and finding a better mix of redox chemicals.
The word "redox” in paragraph 4 most probably means ______.A．reduction and oxidation reaction

B、electron from the hydrogen atoms
C．bacteria-driven battery
D．a colony ofE．coli bacteria

【单选题】： A B C D E

第2题：

【分析题】：

第3题：教育政策制定的渐进模式

【分析题】：

第4题：Federal Reserve System, central banking system of the United States, popularly called the FeD、
A、central bank serves as the banker to both the banking community and the government; it also issues the national currency, conducts monetary policy, and plays a major role in supervision and regulation of banks and bank holding companies. In the U.S. these functions are the responsibilities of key officials of the Federal Reserve System: theBoard of Governors, located in Washington,D、
C、, and the top officers of the 12 district Federal Reserve banks, located throughout the nation. The Fed’s actions, described below, generally have a significant effect on the U.S. interest rates and, subsequently, on stock, bond, and other financial markets.
The Federal Reserve’s basic powers are concentrated in theBoard of Governors, which is paramount in all policy issues concerning bank regulation and supervision and in most aspects of monetary control. The board enunciates the Fed’s policies on both monetary and banking matters.Because the board is not an operating agency, most of the day-to-day implementation of policies decisions is left to the district Federal Reserve banks, stock in which is owned by the commercial banks that are members of the Federal Reserve System. Ownership in this instance, however, does not imply control; theBoard of Governors and the heads of the Reserve banks orient their policies to the public interest rather than to the benefit of the private banking system.
The U.S. banking system’s regulatory apparatus is complex; the authority of the Federal Reserve is shared in some instances for example, in mergers or the examination of banks with other federal agencies such as theComptroller of theCurrency and the FederalDeposit InsuranceCooperation (FDIC、. In the critical area of regulating the nation’s money supply in accordance with national economic goals, however, the Federal Reserve is independent within the government. Income and expenditures of the Federal Reserve banks and of theBoard of Governors are not subject to the congressional appropriation process; the Federal Reserve is subject to the congressional appropriation process; the Federal Reserve is self-financing. Its income ($20.2 billion in 1992) comes mainly from Reserve bank holdings of income-earning securities, primarily those of the U.S. government. Outlays ($1.5 billion in 1992) are mostly for operational expenses in providing services to the government and for expenditures connected with regulation and monetary policy. In 1992 the Federal Reserve returned $16.8 billion in earnings to the U.S. Treasury.
Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage
A、The Fed is a very big, complex and significant system which comprises many local banks.

B、All the commercial banks are not the components of Federal Reserve System.

C、Board of Governors is the supreme policy-makers of Federal Reserve System.
District Reserve banks rather thanBoard of Governors perform the day to day policies.

【单选题】： A B C D

According to new research of Prof. Randolf Menzel from the Free University inBerlin, the popular image of bees as the ultimate hard workers was inaccurate. "Although we see bees buzzing around tirelessly in spring and summer, the common belief in a bee’s busy nature is based on a misconception," he saiD、People only really see bees when they’re out flying, or they look at a colony of bees and see thousands of them buzzing arounD、They don’t get to pick them out as individuals. The professor, who this month won a German Zoological Society award for his work on bees, added that bees compensated for their apparent laziness with high intelligence, advanced memory skills and an ability to learn quickly.
The suggestion that bees were not pulling their weight met with skepticism fromBritish beekeepers. GlynDavies, the President of theBritishBeekeepersAssociation, said that bees were not lazy but efficient. "At any particular stage in its life, a bee has a specific job to do. If they are unable to do that job, they conserve their energy by doing nothing.Each bee has a unit of life energy and the faster it works, the faster it dies. They are being very wise and perhaps humans should try to follow their example instead of running about like headless chickens. "
The idea of the busy bee is several thousand years olD、One current author who has nothing but admiration for the bee is Paul Theroux, the novelist and part-time beekeeper. "I have never seen a bee sleeping. My bees never stop working. " he said, Mr. Theroux, who keeps 85 hives each containing 30000 bees in Hawaii, added that Prof. Menzel’s research could have been affected by his national origins. "Perhaps in comparison to the German rate of work, the bee does look lazy," he saiD、
Few people think that the busy bee idea will go away, despite the efforts of Prof. Menzel. It performs too many useful functions in our culture. In fact, the worship of hees seems to be undergoing a renaissance. IBM recently ran a series of ads drawing on the " waggle dance" of bees, telling businessmen to "make your business waggle. "

第5题：{{B}}Passage Two{{/B}}

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