在职申硕英语习题练习

在职申硕英语考试易错题（2019/2/26）
第1题：American culture has not been immune to cultural influences from outside. The idea of democracy came from the ancient Greeks; the Industrial Revolution started inEngland; jazz and rock music preserveAfrican rhythms—to pick a few examples. Indeed, many of the things we think of as "100 percentAmerican" came from other cultures.
Still, most of the changes inAmerican culture over the last century have come from within, as the result of inventions and discoveries.And change has been dramatiC、One hundred years ago the United States was largely a nation of farmers. Many of the things we take for granted today—a high school education, for example, or indoor plumbing—were luxuries then. The moon was a light for lovers, not a site for scientific exploration; genetic engineering (基因工程) was not even a subject for science fiction, much less for laboratory research and corporate investments. The decades following the Second World War, in particular, were characterized by spectacular scientific and technological advances, national self-confidence, optimism, and (for manyAmericans) prosperity. TheAmerican economy was the strongest in the world: more goods were produced and sold, more people were working, and the standard of living was higher than ever before. Polls (民意调查) taken in the 1950’s and 1960’s show that the averageAmerican was preoccupied with the questions "will I make a good living " "Will I be successful " and "Will I raise successful, happy children " Success was defined in terms of maintaining a stable family and "keeping up with the Jones". MostAmericans believed that if they played by the rules—if they work hard and did what was expected, if they sacrificed their own needs to those of their family and their employer—they would be rewarded with an ever-increasing standard of living, a devoted spouse, and decent children.An expensive car, a suburban home, and children in college were tangible (可触知的) signs that hard work and self-sacrifice paid off.
In the 1950’s and 1960’sAmericans were convinced that______.
A、they would succeed sooner or later
B．they would have everything the Jones had
C．they would become successful if they worked hard
D．their children would go to college
【单选题】：      

第2题：Italy, the land ofDante, declared war on officialese (官样文章) recently, vowing to simplify the way the state communicates with its citizens. (1){{U}}"This is a cultural revolution in our relationship with citizens,"Civil Service Minister Franco Frattini told a news conference to unveil a Project to make bureaucratic language understandable{{/U}}. The project called "Chiaro!"Clear!) ,aims to rid the language used in bureaucratic texts of complex clauses and confusing terms.(2){{U}}While Italians were keeping their fingers crossed it would succeed, Frattini acknowledged it would be an uphill struggle.{{/U}} (3){{U}}Many existing government texts would be changed into more simple language but the hardest part would be to teach old dogs new tricks.{{/U}} "It would be useless to translate the documents and not train personnel to stop using ancient, incomprehensible language, "he saiD、(4){{U}}Ministries would be encouraged to compete for a "Chiaro!"Clear !) stamp, which could be awarded only to departments and ministries that wrote simply.{{/U}} ProfessorAlfredo Fioritto, who heads a task of legal experts and linguists, admitted it was going tough. "There are hundreds of years of tradition to today the government speaks like it did in the nineteenth century, "he saiD、(5){{U}}"Simplifying language is very difficult. It means you have to know what you are talking about."{{/U}}
【分析题】：

第3题：

【单选题】：      

In a sense, the new protectionism is not protectionism at all, at least not in the traditional sense of the term. The old protectionism referred only to trade restricting and trade expanding devices, such as the tariff or export subsidy. The new protectionism is much broader than this: it includes interventions into foreign trade but is not limited to them. The new protectionism, in fact, refers to how the whole of government intervention into the private economy affects international trade. The emphasis on trade is still there, thus came the term "protection".But what is new is the realization that virtually all government activities can affect international economic relations. The emergence of the new protectionism in the Western world reflects the victory of the interventionist, or welfare economy over the market economy. Jab Tumiler writes, "The old protectionism…coexisted, without any apparent intellectual difficulty with the acceptance of the market as a national as well as an international economic distribution mechanism—indeed, protectionists as well as (if not more than) free traders stood for laissez faire (放任政策). Now, as in the 1930s, protectionism is an expression of a profound skepticism as to the ability of the market to distribute resources and incomes to societies’ satisfaction."
It is precisely this profound skepticism of the market economy that is responsible for the protectionism. In a market economy, economic change of various color simplies redistribution of resources and incomes. The same opinion in many communities apparently is that such redistributions often are not proper. Therefore, the government intervenes to bring about a more desired result.
The victory of the welfare state is almost complete in northernEurope. In Sweden, Norway, Finland,Denmark, and the Netherlands, government intervention in almost all aspects of economic and social life is considered normal. In GreatBritain this is only somewhat less true. Government traditionally has played a very active role in economic life in France and continued to do so. Only West Germany dares to go against the tide towards excessive interventionism in WesternEurope. It also happens to be the most successful WesternEuropean economy.
The welfare state has made significant progress in the United States as well as in WesternEurope. Social security, unemployment insurance, minimum wage laws, and rent control are by now traditional welfare state elements on theAmerica scene.
第4题：{{B}}Passage Two{{/B}}
What is the real cause of the new protectionismA．The old one has begun to be unable to explain the new situation of different countries.
B．The welfare developed really fast in NorthernEurope.
C．There is some suspect of the regulating ability of the current market.
D．The old protectionism is too limited in its definition.
【单选题】：      
American culture has not been immune to cultural influences from outside. The idea of democracy came from the ancient Greeks; the Industrial Revolution started inEngland; jazz and rock music preserveAfrican rhythms—to pick a few examples. Indeed, many of the things we think of as "100 percentAmerican" came from other cultures.
Still, most of the changes inAmerican culture over the last century have come from within, as the result of inventions and discoveries.And change has been dramatiC、One hundred years ago the United States was largely a nation of farmers. Many of the things we take for granted today—a high school education, for example, or indoor plumbing—were luxuries then. The moon was a light for lovers, not a site for scientific exploration; genetic engineering (基因工程) was not even a subject for science fiction, much less for laboratory research and corporate investments. The decades following the Second World War, in particular, were characterized by spectacular scientific and technological advances, national self-confidence, optimism, and (for manyAmericans) prosperity. TheAmerican economy was the strongest in the world: more goods were produced and sold, more people were working, and the standard of living was higher than ever before. Polls (民意调查) taken in the 1950s and 1960s show that the averageAmerican was preoccupied with the questions "will I make a good living " "Will I be successful " and "Will I raise successful, happy children " Success was defined in terms of maintaining a stable family and "keeping up with the Jones". MostAmericans believed that if they played by the rules—if they work hard and did what was expected, if they sacrificed their own needs to those of their family and their employer—they would be rewarded with an ever-increasing standard of living, a devoted spouse, and decent children.An expensive car, a suburban home, and children in college were tangible (可触知的) signs that hard work and self-sacrifice paid off.
第5题：{{B}}Passage Four{{/B}}
TheAmerican economy has become the strongest in the world mainly because of ______ .A．the spectacular scientific and technological advances
B．people’s hard working
C．learning from other cultures
D．the industrial revolution
【单选题】：      

 

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