在职申硕英语习题练习
| 在职申硕英语考试易错题（2019/3/13） |
第1题： |
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| 第2题：II. 2 阅读理解 Leseverst ndnis 2 Wie trainiert man sein Gehirn Je lter wir werden, um so unaufmerksamer speichern wir Informationen.Das Leben wird immer mehr zur Routine (老一套), da geht der gewohnteAlltag nur allzu leicht zum einen Ohr rein und zum anderen raus.Die riesige Menge von Gedanken, die uns st ndig durch den Kopf gehen, durchdringt (穿过) nur noch das, was uns wirklich interessiert oder berührt. InBestform ist das Gehirn überhaupt nur sehr kurz, gegenEnde der Schulzeit, mit 16, 18 Jahren. Niemals vorher und nachher wei ein Mensch so viel.Er hat alle nur m glichenArten desDenkens, Kombinierens und Speicherns gelernt, danach geht es meistens stetig berga B、 Vergesslichkeit ist ein Zeichen dafür, dass sich die Zellen im Gehirn langweilen. Sie werden zu wenig oder falsch benutzt.Das macht sie langsam und unbeweglich, und nur ein gezieltes Training kann sie wieder mobilisieren (行动起来). Man sollte niemals aufh ren zu lernen,“ r t Professor Ratmann. Wer neugierig, kontaktfreudig und offen fürAnregungen bleibt, h lt auch sein Gehirn funktionsf hig.“ Untersuchungen haben ergeben, dass schon nach fünf Tagen geistiger Unt tigkeit der Intelligenzquotient (IQ, 智商) um durchschnittlich fünf Punkte abnimmt!Ein dreiw chiger reiner Faulenzerurlaub kann sogar 20 IQ-Punkte kosten. Wenigstens einmal am Tag sollte man sein Gehirn trainieren. Hier ein paar Jogging“-M glichkeiten: – Lesen Sie morgens Ihre Zeitung so schnell und konzentriert wie m glich. Fassen Sie nach jedemArtikel detailgenau zusammen, was Sie davon behalten haben. – Lernen Sie eine neue Sprache.Das trainiert die Konzentration, die Merkf higkeit undDenkschnelligkeit. – Rechnen Sie im Kopf. üben Sie das gro eEinmaleins (大乘法表). – Kaufen Sie aus dem Ged chtnis“ ein, lassen Sie den Zettel in der Tasche. Die beste Zeit zum üben ist morgens, wom glich noch vor dem Frühstück. Wichtig ist, schnell aus dem verschlafenen Zustand herauszukommen. Gehirn-Jogging macht hellwach, und damit ist der Geist optimal aufnahmebereit. Sogar die Stimmung hebt sich, und man brennt geradezu darauf, den Tag zu beginnen. A、Entscheiden Sie bitte, welcheErkl rung zu der zitierten Textstelle passt!(21-25 Titel) B、W hlen Sie bitte die richtige L sung aus!(26-30 Titel) Die beste Zeit für Gehirn-Jogging ist: ________. A、Wenn man hellwach ist B、Im verschlafenen Zustand C．Morgens, vor dem Frühstück D．Abends, und zwar nach demEssen |
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| 第3题：One of the most widely discussed subjects these days is energy crisis.Automobile drivers cannot get gasoline; homeowners may not get enough heating oil; factories are (56) by a fuel shortage. The crisis has (57) questions about the large oil companies and windfall (58) .Critics of the oil industry charge that the major companies are getting richer because of the oil shortage. Shortage, of course, drives prices up.As oil prices rise, the critics say, the oil companies will make more money (windfall profits) without doing a thing to (59) the extra cash. "Windfall" profits are sudden unearned profits-profits made (60) luck, or some special turn of events. The word itself tells what "windfall" means-- something blown down by the wind, such as trees, or fruit (61) from trees.But the word has taken on a special meaning. This meaning (getting something unearned) was first used in medievalEnglanD、 This is (62) it started: at that time much of the land was in the hands of (63) barons. The rest of the people, commoners, lived and worked on their vast estates. They planted the seed, cared for the farm animals and harvested the crops. Not all the land, however, was used for farming.Every baron kept a large private forest for (64) deer and wild bear. When hungry, the people sometimes would kill the animals in the lord’s forest for fooD、And there were times (65) they might cut down trees for fuel. So, strong laws were passed to protect the forests, and the animals. Violations were severely (66) . But there was one way people could get wood from the forest. If they found trees blown down by the wind ("windfall") they were free to take them for use as fuel in their homes.And that is the meaning that has come down to us-something good gotten by luck or (67) . The common people of oldEngland, often hungry and cold, must often have prayed for a good strong winD、Critics today (68) that the oil industry has also been praying for something just like it -some political or military (69) that might produce a windfall-- a rise in oil prices and profits. The oil companies deny that this is so. InCongress, critics of the oil companies have proposed a (70) on such profits. The debate on rising oil price will go on for some time, and most likely we will hear more and more about windfall profits. A、waste B．purchase C．earn D．omit |
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| 第4题：布鲁默的“自我互动”理论 |
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| 第5题：{{B}}Passage Five{{/B}} But how "diverse" and "real-world" is a school that does not have any minority teachers The bad news today is that some 40 percent ofAmerica’s public schools have no teachers of color. The good news is that we have an opportunity to recruit and encourage moreAmericans of color to enter the teaching profession.And our success in doing so can have a powerfully positive impact on student achievement. Obviously, a teacher’s effectiveness depends, first and foremost, on his or her skills and high expectations, not on the teacher’s color. Yet we also know that children of color--40 percent of the student population and rising- benefit in important ways by having some teachers who look like them, who share similar cultural experiences, and who serve as role models demonstrating that education and achievement are things to be respecteD、 Bear in mind that teachers do not teach only facts and "content". They also model appropriate behaviors and teach by personal example.And for many children, the teachers and other adults in their school are the most important authority figures outside of their home. So it is important to expose children to a diverse teaching staff--and to diverse role models- within each of our schools. Where we have an urban school with an all-minority staff or a suburban school with an all-white staff, we are giving students a stunted educational experience. Issues of diversity are especially relevant today, as public schools are redoubling their commitment to raising standards and closing achievement gaps. We need to seize every opportunity to boost the achievement of poor and minority students. I believe- and an impressive body of research confirms--that recruiting and retaining more minority teachers can be crucial to our success. NEA、has made it a core strategic priority to increase the recruitment and retention of teachers of diverse backgrounds.Beyond NEA’s own programs, we are joining with other organizations to create the NationalCollaborative onDiversity in the Teacher Workforce. But we can’t do it alone. States and school districts need to develop programs to assist teacher’s aides--large numbers of whom are minorities--to advance their education and become fully licensed teachers. Other programs can reach out to minorities still in school, offering encouragement and incentives to enter the teaching profession.At the same time, states must ensure that relevant tests do not bar promising minority candidates from entering the profession. |
B．there are achievement gaps among poor and minority students
C．public schools are trying their best to bridge achievement among minority students
D．public schools are trying their best to widen the gaps among majority and minority students