在职申硕英语习题练习
| 在职申硕英语考试易错题（2019/3/18） |
| 第1题：The events of Sept. 11 have ratcheted up security atAmerican airports to the highest level ever, according to a spokesman for Transportation Secretary Norman Minet A、But to say there is plenty of room for improvement puts it mildly: Hundreds of employees with access to high-security areas at 15 U. S. airports have been arrested or indicted by federal law enforcement officials for using phony social security numbers, lying about criminal convictions or being in the United States illegally. None of those arrested had terrorist links, but some aviation experts said the workers were in a position to help smuggle weapons or bombs aboard aircraft if they had wanteD、 Tests ordered by PresidentBush and conducted by federal agents at 32 airports between November and February, when airports were on highest alert, showed that Security screeners failed to detect knives 70% of the time, guns 300//00 of the time and simulated explosives 60% of the time. Two members of the House TransportationCommittee are pushing to reverse the administration’s opposition to arming pilots because groups representing pilots are insisting that their members need to be armed as a last line of defense. Attorney General JohnAshcroft said the arrests of hundreds of airport employees showed that the system of background checks--done piecemeal by airlines, private contractors and others—needs tightening. That much is painfully obvious. What isn’t clear is why the system was so porous (有洞的) to begin with and why it wasn’t immediately tightened after that infamous Tuesday in September. Some people in the industry wisely have suggested that all airport workers be required to pass through the same metal detectors and other security checks as flight crews do.Congress has ordered the new Transpiration SecurityAdministration to find ways to enact just such a requirement. Unfortunately, no deadline has been set, in part because federal officials are preoccupied with getting thousands of new baggage screeners in place by Nov. 19—when the reds take over airport security—and installing bomb-detection equipment in all airports by the end of the year. Plainly, those two goals are critical.But it would be a mistake to give low priority to fixing other gaping holes in the nation’s airport security net. If the federal crackdown is going to be effective, it needs to be comprehensive. Figures showed that security screeners were______dangerous items. A、able to detect B．not able to detect C．not effective in detecting D．very effective in detecting |
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| 第3题：For over 30 years,Donald Kroodsma has worked to disclose such mysteries of bird communication. Through field studies and laboratory experiments, he’s studied the ecological and social forces that may have contributed to the evolution of vocal learning. Kroodsma has paid particular attention to local variation in song types, known as dialects. TheBlack-cappedChickadees (Parus atricapillus)on Martha’s Vineyard, for example, have an entirely different song than their counterparts on the Massachusetts mainland, he says.Birds that live on the boundary between two dialects or that spend time in different areas can become "bilingual," learning the; songs of more than one group of neighbors. Recently, Kroodsma discovered that the Three-wattledBellbird (Procnias tricarunculata) is constantly changing its song, creating what he calls a "rapid cultural evolution within each generation. "This kind of song evolution is found in whales but, up until now, rarely in birds. A、professor of biology at the University of Massachusetts atAmherst, Kroodsma is also co-editor of the bookEcology andEvolution ofAcousticCommunication inBirdsCornell University Press, 1996). Though he plans to continue his field studies, he says that one of his most important goals now is to help people understand how to listen to birdsong. "Many people can identify a Wood Thrush(Hylocichla mustelina)when they hear it. It’s one of the most beautiful songs in the world, "he says. "Little do they realize they could hear the things that Wood Thrush is communicating if they just knew how to listen." Next is an interview made between an amateur of bird songs(SA、andDonald KroodsmA、 SA、Can you make any comparison between how a baby bird learns to sing and how a young human learns to speak DK: On the surface, it’s remarkably similar. I often play a tape of my daughter, recorded when she was about a year and a half olD、She is taking all the sounds she knows, "bow-wow, kitty, no, down” and randomly piecing them together in a nonsensical babbling sequence. Then I play a tape of a young bird and dissect what it’s doing in what we call its "subsong," and it’s exactly the same thing. It’s taking all the sounds it has memorized, all the sounds it has been exposed to, and singing them in a random sequence. It looks like what the baby human and the baby bird are doing is identical. Some might say that’s a crass comparison, but it’s very intriguing. SA、Why do the song repertoires(全部技能)and dialects of some birds vary from place to place DK: For the species of birds that do not learn their songs, I like to think of it simplistically as the song being encoded right in theirDNA、With these birds, if we find differences in their songs from place to place, it means that theDNA、has changed too, that the populations are genetically different. But there are species in which the songs are not encoded in theDNA、Then we have something very similar to humans, in which speech is learned and varies from place to place. If you were raised in Germany, for example, you’d be speaking German rather thanEnglish with no change in your genes. So with the birds that learn their songs, you get these striking differences from place to place because the birds have learned the local dialect. SA、How is this affected by whether a bird is nomadic DK: If you know the rest of your life you’re going to be speakingEnglish, you work hard at learningEnglish.But what if you know that you’ll be repeatedly thrown in with people speaking different languages from all over the world You start to see the enormous challenge it would be to learn the language or dialect of all these different locations. So I think for nomadic birds like Sedge Wrens [Cistothorus platensis], because they are thrown together with different birds every few months from all over the geographic range, they don’t bother to imitate the songs of their immediate neighbors. They make up some kind of gen |
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| 第4题：For an increasing number of students atAmerican universities, Old is suddenly in. The reason is obvious: the graying ofAmerica means jobs.Coupled with the aging of the baby-boom (生育高峰) generation, a longer life span means that the nation’s elderly population is bound to expand significantly over the next 40 years.By 2040, 25 percent of allAmericans will be older than 65, up from 14 percent in 1995. The change poses profound questions for government and society, of course.But it also creates career opportunities in medicine and health professions, and in law and business as well. "In addition to the doctors, we’re going to need more sociologists, biologists, urban planners and specialized lawyers," says ProfessorEdward Schneider of the University of SouthernCalifornia’s (USC、School of Gerontology (老年学). Lawyers can specialize in "elder law"; which covers everything from trusts and estates to nursing-home abuse and age discrimination (歧视).Businessmen see huge opportunities in the elder market because the baby boomers, 74 million strong, are likely to be the wealthiest group of retirees in human history. "Any student who combines an expert knowledge in gerontology with, say, an MB A、or law degree will have a license to print money," one professor says. Margarine Santos is a 21-year-old senior at USC、She began college as a biology major but found she was "really bored with bacteria". So she took a class in gerontology and discovered that she liked it. She says, "I did volunteer work in retirement homes and it was very satisfying. \ Who can make big money in the new century according to the passage A、Retirees who are business-mindeD、 B、The volunteer workers in retirement homes. College graduates with an MB A、or law degree. D．Professionals with a good knowledge of gerontology. |
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| 第5题： {{B}}{{I}}Directions{{/B}}: There are 5 passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are 4 choices markedA,B, C、andD、Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring {{B}}ANSWER SHEET{{/B}}.{{/I}} {{B}}Passage One{{/B}} Sure, there have been exceptions, but it would not be a stretch to say that for the past century or so, serious art has been at war with happiness. In 1824,Beethoven completed his "Ode to Joy". In 1962, novelistAnthoyBurgess used it inA、Clockwork Orange as the favorite music of his ultra-violent antihero. You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen such misery.But the reason may actually be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in peril and that they would someday be meat for worms. Today the messages that the average Westerner is bombarded with are not religious but commercial, and relentlessly happy. Since these messages have an agenda—to prey our wallets from our pockets—they make the very idea of happiness seem bogus(假的). "Celebrate!" commanded the ads for the arthritis drugCelebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attack. What we forget—what our economy depends on us forgetting—is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need someone to tell us that it is OK not to be happy, that sadness makes happiness deeper.As the wine-connoisseur movie Sideways tells us, it is the kiss of decay and mortality that makes grape juice into Pinot Norway need art to tell us, as religion once did, that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It’s a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, is a breath of fresh air. |
B．An exaggeration.
C、A、continuous period of time.
D．An exception.