在职申硕英语习题练习

在职申硕英语考试易错题(2019/4/8)
A、recent report on population trend conducted by the think {{U}} (1) {{/U}} of the World watch Institute identifies signs of slowing growth in some countries. It says populations in 32 countries—all in the industrialized world—have stabilized because of declining birthrates.But in a handful of developing countries where population is slowing, the cause isn’t something to {{U}} (2) {{/U}}, because more people are dying.
This trend is called "population fatigue", and it’s beginning in many of the developing countries that have experienced {{U}} (3) {{/U}} birthrates and sharp population growth for several decades. Governments in these countries are now having trouble dealing with feeding, housing and educating an increasing number of children, {{U}} (4) {{/U}} at the same time confronting the falling water {{U}} (5) {{/U}}, deforestation and soil erosion that rapid population growth brings. In these countries any new threat—infectious disease, drought or famine—can become a {{U}} (6) {{/U}} crisis.
AIDS is a case {{U}} (7) {{/U}}. WHO estimates calculate that one-quarter of the adult population of Zimbabwe andBotswana are infected with theAIDS virus, {{U}} (8) {{/U}}, these countries stands to lose at least one-quarter of their labor force in the next decade fromAIDS alone, a situation {{U}} (9) {{/U}} since the yellow fever swept throughEurope in the 14’h century.
Social unrest is also increasing in these countries. One example is the {{U}} (10) {{/U}} conflict between the Tutsis and the Hutus in Rwanda, where population pressures reduced cropland {{U}} (11) {{/U}} where it could no longer feed those who lived on it.Demands on the world fisheries and shared water resources are likely to spark similar conflicts.Already the waters of the Nile are so heavily used that little reaches the Mediterranean, so any increase in demand or {{U}} (12) {{/U}} in allocation will also increase tensions.
The bottom line is that human population growth is {{U}} (13) {{/U}} to slow one way or the other.Developing societies will either recognize problems {{U}} (14) {{/U}} the horizon and act to encourage smaller families — or unchecked births will have their {{U}} (15) {{/U}} in rising death rates.
1题:
A.confound
B.console
C.congratulate
D.celebrate
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2题:
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3题:One of the most widely discussed subjects these days is energy crisis.Automobile drivers cannot get gasoline; homeowners may not get enough heating oil; factories are (56) by a fuel shortage.
The crisis has (57) questions about the large oil companies and windfall (58) .Critics of the oil industry charge that the major companies are getting richer because of the oil shortage. Shortage, of course, drives prices up.As oil prices rise, the critics say, the oil companies will make more money (windfall profits) without doing a thing to (59) the extra cash. "Windfall" profits are sudden unearned profits-profits made (60) luck, or some special turn of events.
The word itself tells what "windfall" means-- something blown down by the wind, such as trees, or fruit (61) from trees.But the word has taken on a special meaning. This meaning (getting something unearned) was first used in medievalEnglanD、
This is (62) it started: at that time much of the land was in the hands of (63) barons. The rest of the people, commoners, lived and worked on their vast estates. They planted the seed, cared for the farm animals and harvested the crops. Not all the land, however, was used for farming.Every baron kept a large private forest for (64) deer and wild bear.
When hungry, the people sometimes would kill the animals in the lord’s forest for fooD、And there were times (65) they might cut down trees for fuel. So, strong laws were passed to protect the forests, and the animals. Violations were severely (66) .
But there was one way people could get wood from the forest. If they found trees blown down by the wind ("windfall") they were free to take them for use as fuel in their homes.And that is the meaning that has come down to us-something good gotten by luck or (67) .
The common people of oldEngland, often hungry and cold, must often have prayed for a good strong winD、Critics today (68) that the oil industry has also been praying for something just like it -some political or military (69) that might produce a windfall-- a rise in oil prices and profits.
The oil companies deny that this is so. InCongress, critics of the oil companies have proposed a (70) on such profits. The debate on rising oil price will go on for some time, and most likely we will hear more and more about windfall profits.

A、punished
B.diverted
C.neglected
D.misunderstood
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4题:For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work they must read letters, reports, trade publications, interoffice communications, not to mention newspapers and magazines: a never-ending flood of words. In (61) a job or advancing in one, the ability to read and comprehend (62) can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are (63) readers. Most of us develop poor reading (64) at an early age, and never get over them. The main deficiency (65) in the actual stuff of language itself—words. Taken individually, words have (66) meaning until they are strung together into phrases, sentences and paragraphs. (67) , however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads one word at a time, often regressing to (68) words or passages. Regression, the tendency to look back over (69) you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading.Another habit which (70) down the speed of reading is vocalization—sounding each word either orally or mentally as (71) reads.
To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called an (72) , which moves a bar (or curtain) down the page at a predetermined speeD、The bar is set at a slightly faster rate (73) the reader finds comfortable, in order to "stretch" him. The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, (74) word-by-word reading, regression and subvocalization, practically impossible.At first (75) is sacrificed for speeD、But when you learn to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster, but also your comprehension will improve.
A.scales
B.cuts
C.slows
D.measures
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5题: The original canal was twice broadened for the larger modern boats.
A.rerouted
B.widened
C.reinforced
D.tested
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