在职申硕英语习题练习

在职申硕英语考试易错题（2019/4/22）
第1题：Ten years ago, when environmental lawyer Kassie Siegel went in search of an animal to save the world, the polar bear wasn’t at all an obvious choice. Siegel andBrendanCummings of theCenter forBiologicalDiversity in Joshua Tree,Calif. , were looking for a species whose habitat was disappearing due to climate change, which could serve as a symbol of the dangers of global warming. Her first candidate met the scientific criteria—it lived in ice caves inAlaska’s GlacierBay, which were melting away—but unfortunately it was a spider. You can’t sell a lot of T shirts with pictures of an animal most people would happily step on.
Next, Siegel turned to the Kittlitz’s murrelet, a smallArctic seabird whose nesting sites in glaciers were disappearing. In 2001, she petitioned theDepartment of the Interior to add it to theEndangered Species list, but Interior Secretary Gale Norton turned her down.Elkhorn and staghorn coral, which are threatened by rising water temperatures in theCaribbean, did make it onto the list, but as iconic species they fell short insofar as many people don’t realize they’re alive in the first place. The polar bear, by contrast, is vehemently alive and carries the undeniable charisma of a top predator.And its dependence on ice was intuitively obvious; it lives on it most of the year.But it took until 2004 for researchers to demonstrate that shrinking sea ice was a serious threat to the bears’ population. On FeB、16, 2005—the day the Kyoto Protocol to curb greenhouse-gas emissions took effect, without the participation of the United States—Siegel petitioned to list polar bears as endangere
D、Three years later her efforts met with equivocal (不明确的) success, as Interior SecretaryDirk Kempthorne designated the bears as "threatened" (not endangered), a significant concession from an administration that has stood almost alone in the world in its reluctance to acknowledge the dangers of climate change. TheEndangered SpeciesActESA、, whose odd lists of snails and bladderworts sometimes seemed stuck in the age ofDarwin, had been thrust into the mainstream of 21st-century environmental politics.Break out the T shirts!
It can be learned that the polar bear ______.

A、was first considered by Siegel to be the iconic animal in 1998
B、was first proposed by Siegel to be the endangered species in 2004

C、was not qualified scientifically as the endangered species until 2005

D、was not officially under the government protection until 2008
【单选题】：      

第2题：Dalton wondered why the heavier and lighter gases in the atmosphere did not separate as oil and water do. He finally concluded that the constituent (61) must exist in the form of tiny particles or atoms and that these (62) be completely mixed together in the atmosphere. This threw a new light in (63) law of definite proportions. It was only necessary to suppose that the atoms (64) combine into small groups of uniform (65) and so form more complex substance; (66) the mystery of this law was (67) .Dalton suggested, for example, that carbon monoxide (68) formed by the one with one (69) of atoms of carbon and oxygen, (70) carbon dioxide results from a single (71) of carbon uniting with two atoms of oxygen.Assuming this to be true, (72) the definite proportions of Prout’s law (73) all chemical compounds the different constituents (74) enter in unvarying proportions would naturally (75) the relative weights of the many different kinds of atoms.
A．various
B．many
C．the
D．those
【单选题】：      

In the 1997 general-election campaign, "Education,Education" was TonyBlair’s pet phrase. Time changes quickly.Education is going rapidly out of fashion. "Learning" (to be exact, "lifelong learning" ) is New Labour’s new buzzword (时髦语). The shift from "education" to "learning" reflects more than a change of language. It stems from both educational research and left-wing ideas.During the 1980s,British educationalists got some newAmerican ideas. One was the notion that traditional examinations do not test the full range of people’s abilities.Another was the belief that skills are not necessarily learned from teachers in a conventional classroom. People can pick them up in all sorts of ways.
All this echoed left-wing ideas that traditional teaching methods were not sufficiently adaptable to the needs of individual learners.Advocates of lifelong learning argue that it merely describes what has changed in education in the past decade.And there are now hundreds of schemes in which pupils learn outside the classroom.
Until now, education has been changing from below. In the next few weeks, the government will help from above. One of its main projects for lifelong learning is about to begin its first pilot programs. With funding of $ 44 million in its first year, it will coordinate a new network of "learning centers" throughout the country. Traditional institutions, such as schools and colleges, will provide training at some non-traditional places of learning, such as supermarkets, pubs, and churches. The theory is that in such places students will feel more at ease, and therefore will be better motivated, than in a classroom.
The new schemes allow consumers of education to exercise complete choice over where, what and when they learn. In the rest of the state-run education sectors (部门), the government still seems to be committed to restricting choices as much as possible. If these programs succeed, they could improve the skills ofBritain’s workforce.
第3题：{{B}}Passage Six{{/B}}
It can be inferred from the passage that the new projects______.A．are started from below
B．have begun in the past decade
C．will allow students to have complete control over their learning
D．will be carried out in the traditional institutions
【单选题】：      
Language learning begins with listening. Individual children vary greatly in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and late starters are often long listeners. Most children will "obey" spoken instructions some time before theyCan speak, though the word "obey" is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the chilD、Before they can speak, many children will also ask questions by gestures and by making questioning noises.
Any attempt to trace the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves out as particularly indicative of delight, distress, sociability, and so on.But since these cannot be said to show the baby’s intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new sounds to their store. This self-imitation leads on to deliberate imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arisen so to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech.
It is a problem we need not get our teeth into. The meaning of a word depends on what a particular person means by it in a particular ,situation and it is clear that what a child means by a word will change as he gains more experience of the worlD、Thus the use,at say seven months, of "mama" as a greeting for his mother cannot be dismissed as a meaningless sound simply because he also uses it at other times for his father, his dog, or anything else he likes.
Playful and apparently meaningless imitation of what other people say continues after the child has begun to speak for himself. I doubt, however; whether anything is gained when parents cash in on this ability in an attempt to teach new sounds. (370w)
第4题：{{B}}Passage Five{{/B}}
The problem of deciding at what point a baby’s imitations can be considered as speech ______.A．it remains unclear so far and remains to be further observed and made clear
B．is important because words have different meanings for different people
C．is one that can never be properly understood because the meaning of words changes with age
D．is one that should be completely ignored because children’s use of words in often meaningless
【单选题】：      
第5题：In the course of harsh training, the athletes are frequently told to hold out until they win the championship.


A．stand firm
B．stay awake
C．speak loud
D．shut up
【单选题】：      

 

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