| 在职申硕英语考试易错题（2019/4/24） |
| 第1题：Comment faire pour améliorer ton fran ais Mon cher Thomas, Merci beaucoup pour ta dernière lettre qui m’a fait bien plaisir. Je vais {{U}}46{{/U}} répondre à tes questions et de te donner quelques conseils. Tu me demandes comment faire pour améliorer ton fran ais et pouvoir parler couramment. Je {{U}}47{{/U}} que la solution idéale est de venir passer plusieurs semaines en France. A、mon avis, il n’y a que dans le pays qu’on apprend vraiment la langue qu’on veut étudier. Si tu te décides, ne viens surtout pas{{U}} 48{{/U}} ! On a vite tendance à utiliser sa langue maternelle avec ses amis. Tu pourrais essayer de trouver {{U}}49{{/U}} en France ou t’inscrire dans une école de langue. Tu y rencontreras des personnes {{U}}50{{/U}} ton age. Une autre idée : pourquoi ne pas prendre l’habitude d’écouter régulièrement la radio ou de regarder la télévision Peux-tu recevoir le satellite {{U}}51{{/U}} , tu peux aussi louer des films en version originale. Demande à tes professeurs s’ils ne connaissent pas de jeunes qui {{U}}52{{/U}} correspondre avec toi.Essaie de lire des livres en fran ais ou abonne-toi à une revue. J’ai utilisé toutes ces méthodes pour apprendre les langues étrangères et je pense qu’elles sont vraiment {{U}}53{{/U}} . J’espère que toutes ces informations vont t’aider {{U}}54{{/U}} mieux pratiquer le fran ais. Si tu viens en France, il y a une très bonne école dans ma ville et je serais très heureuse de t’accueillir {{U}}55{{/U}} il te faut une famille d’accueil fran aise, bien s r ! Je te souhaite bonne chance et bon courage pour tes recherches. Bien amicalement. Hélène A、Car B、Cependant C．Seulement D．Sinon |
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| 第2题： The crisis has{{U}} (57) {{/U}}questions about the large oil companies and windfall{{U}} (58) {{/U}}.Critics of the oil industry charge that the major companies are getting richer because of the oil shortage. Shortage, of course, drives prices up.As oil prices rise, the critics say, the oil companies will make more money (windfall profits) without doing a thing to{{U}} (59) {{/U}}the extra cash. "Windfall" profits are sudden unearned profits--profits made{{U}} (60) {{/U}}luck, or some special turn of events. The word itself tells what "windfall" means--something blown down by the wind, such as trees, or fruit{{U}} (61) {{/U}}from trees.But the word has taken on a special meaning. This meaning (getting something unearned) was first used in medievalEnglanD、 This is{{U}} (62) {{/U}}it started: at that time much of the land was in the hands of{{U}} (63) {{/U}}barons. The rest of the people, commoners, lived and worked on their vast estates. They planted the seed, cared for the farm animals and harvested the crops. Not all the land, however, was used for farming.Every baron kept a large private forest for{{U}} (64) {{/U}}deer and wild bear. When hungry, the people sometimes would kill the animals in the lord’s forest for fooD、And there were times{{U}} (65) {{/U}}they might cut down trees for fuel. So, strong laws were passed to protect the forests, and the animals. Violations were severely{{U}} (66) {{/U}}. But there was one way people could get wood from the forest. If they found trees blown down by the wind ("windfall") they were free to take them for use as fuel in their homes.And that is the meaning that has come down to us--something good gotten by luck or{{U}} (67) {{/U}}. The common people of oldEngland, often hungry and cold, must often have prayed for a good strong winD、Critics today{{U}} (68) {{/U}}that the oil industry has also been praying for something just like it --some political or military{{U}} (69) {{/U}}that might produce a windfall--a rise in oil prices and profits. The oil companies deny that this is so. InCongress, critics of the oil companies have proposed a{{U}} (70) {{/U}}on such profits. The debate on rising oil price will go on for some time, and most likely we will hear more and more about windfall profits. |
| 第3题：In addition to redistributing incomes, inflation may affect the total real income and production of the community.An increase in prices is usually associated with high employment. In moderate inflation, industries are operating efficiently and output is near capacity. There is a great deal of private investment and jobs are plentiful. Such has been the historical pattern. Thus many business persons and union leaders, in evaluating a little deflation and a little inflation, consider the latter to be the lesser of two evils. In mild inflation, the losses to fixed-income groups are usually less than gains to the rest of the community.Even workers with relatively fixed wages are often better off because of improved employment opportunities and greater take-home pay, a rise in interest rates on new securities may partly compensate for any losses to creditor, and increases in pension benefits may partly make up losses to retirees. In deflation, on the other hand, the growing unemployment of labor and capital causes the community’s total well-being to be less; so in a sense, the gainers get less than the losers lose.As a matter of fact, in a depression, or a time of severe deflation, almost everyone suffers, including the creditor who is left with uncollectible debts. For these reasons as increase in consumption of investment spending is considered good in times of unemployment, even if this tends to increase prices slightly. When the economic system is suffering from severe depression, few people will criticize private or public spending on the ground that this might be inflationary.Actually, most of this increased spending will increase production and create jobs. Once, full employment and full plant capacity have been reached, however, any further increases in spending are likely to be completely wasted in price increase. In times of inflation______. A、people like private or public investment B．there is usually full plant capacity C．creditors suffer more than other people D．everyone suffers and no one gains |
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| 第4题：American society is not nap (午睡) friendly. In fact, saysDavidDinges, a sleep specialist at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. ’"There’s even a prohibition against admitting we need sleep. " Nobody wants to be caught napping or found asleep at work. To quote a proverb: "Some sleep five hours, nature requires seven, laziness nine and wickedness eleven. " Wrong. The way not to fall asleep at work is to take naps when you need them. "We have to totally change our attitude toward napping," saysDr. WilliamDement of Stanford University, the godfather of sleep research. Last year a national commission led byDement identified an "American sleep debt" which one member said was as important as the national debt. The commission was concerned about the dangers of sleepiness, people causing industrial accidents or falling asleep while driving. This may be why we have a new sleep policy in the White House.According to recent reports, presidentClinton is trying to take a half hour snooze (打瞌睡) every afternoon. About 60 percent ofAmerican adults nap when given the opportunity. We seem to have "a midafternoon quiet phase" also called "a secondary sleep gate. " Sleeping 15 minutes to two hours in the early afternoon can reduce stress and make us refresheD、Clearly, we were born to nap. We Superstars of Snooze don’t nap to replace lost shut eye or to prepare for a night shift. Rather, we "snack" on sleep, whenever, wherever and at whatever time we feel like it. I myself have napped in buses, cars, planes and on boats; on floors and beds; and in libraries, offices and museums. The purpose of this article is to______. A、warn us of the wickedness of napping B．explain the danger of sleepiness C．discuss the side effects of napping D．convince the reader of the necessity of napping |
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| 第5题：{{B}}Passage Four{{/B}} In the USA, 85% of the population over the age of 21 approve of the death penalty. Many U.S. states still have the death penalty. Some use the electric chair, which can take up to 20 minutes to kill, while others use gas or lethal injection. The first execution was the case of RuthEllis who was hanged for shooting her lover in what was generally regarded as a crime of passion. The second, a man was hanged for murders which, it was later proved, had been committed by someone else. The death penalty advocates listed several points to support capital punishment. First there is the deterrence theory, which argues that potential murders would think twice before committing the act if they knew that they might die if they were caught. The armed bank robber might, likewise, go back to being unarmeD、 The other argument is more suspectful. The idea of retribution demands that criminals should get what they deserve: if a murderer intentionally sets out to commit a crime, he should accept the consequences. Retribution, which is just another word for revenge, is supported by the delicious doctrine of an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth. The arguments against the death penalty are largely humanitarian.But there are also statistical reasons for opposing it: inBritain, 1903 was the record year for executions and yet in 1904, the number of murders actually rose. There was a similar occurrence in 1946 and 1947. If the deterrence theory were correct, the rate would have fallen. The other reasons to oppose the death penalty are largely a matter of individual conscience and belief. One is that murder is murder and that the state has no more right to take a life than the individual. The other is thatChristianity advises forgiveness, not revenge. |