在职申硕英语习题练习
| 在职申硕英语考试易错题（2019/4/28） |
| 第1题： A、nocturnal(夜间活动的)moth has become the first animal known to see colours in the dead of night. The moth uses this visual talent to find yellow, nectar-packed flowers in the dark, but the finding suggests that other, species also use colour vision at night. Nocturnal moths were thought to find flowers by looking for bright petals against a darker, leafy backgrounD、This difference in brightness explains why a yellow flower stands out from green leaves on a black and white photo. To test this idea, researchers at Lund University in Sweden trained nocturnal elephant hawkmoths(豆天蛾)to pick out yellow or blue artificial flowers from eight other flowers of varying shades of grey. They then made moths perform the trick in conditions as dark as a starry but moonless night. The researchers expected the moths to do badly, but to their surprise the insects picked the correct flower 90 per cent of the time.But the moths could not distinguish between lighter and darker shades of a coloured flower, even though they could still tell both from grey. "This tells us it’s not a brightness-related cue,” saysAlmut Kelber, the sensory biologist leading the Lund team. "They could only have used the spectral(光谱的)composition of the signals—which we call colour." The moths use three separate colour receptors: blue, green and ultraviolet.At night, that leaves so little light per receptor that the insects should be almost blinD、But hawkmoths have a host of adaptations to compensate. One is a mirror-like structure at the base of the eye, which reflects the light across the photoreceptors for a second time. The structure of the compound eye also allows each facet to supplement the light that strikes it with light from as many as 600 others. Kelber suspects that many other insects, and some higher animals, also use colour vision at night. She plans to look for the ability in nocturnal frogs and toads that use colour to choose their mate. "Why not she asks. "At night there are just as many colours as during the day.\ Why does yellow flower stand out from green leaves on a black and white photo A、Because it is brighter. Because it receives more focus. C．Because it is more beautiful. D．Because it has petals. |
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| 第3题： The relatively theory is basically made up of two parts: the restricted and the general relativity theory. A．fundamentally B．usually C．frequently D．approximately |
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| 第4题：The wandering ship was a dramatic symbol for a problem plaguing our age. In 1987, the ship, loaded with thousands of tons of New York garbage, spent weeks wandering from one port to another in search of a dump before finally returning home, mission unaccomplisheD、 New York, like other communities throughout the world is running out of space to put its trash.As throwaway societies, the US and other industrialized countries expect their garbage to be picked up by trucks that magically transported the refuse to some out-of-sight incinerator(焚化炉) or dump.But in the developing counties ofAsia,Africa and LatinAmerica, thousands of tons of trash collected daily are thrown into open dumps, where it feeds huge populations of rats that swarm through poor neighborhoods. "The world is literally swimming in garbage," says a scientist, "Communities worldwide are being forced to confront the problem." Green Peace spokesmanBryanBence adds, "The crisis in garbage stems in part from the fact that we’ve ignored long-term disposal problem in favor of cheap quick fixes." The garbage glut (过选剩) has inspired many communities in the U.S., Japan and WesternEurope to start recycling programs. Once considered a curious counter culture activity recycling has moved firmly into the mainstream. Recycling involves separating usable products from trash, processing them so they can be substituted for more expensive raw materials and returning them to the marketplace as parts of new products. Many countries now have mandatory recycling programs, and others plan to follow the trend soon. Most notably, Japan has stood out as a model and leader of the waste management trend, recycling an estimated 65 percent of its waste. "That’s what we should do, to the garbage crisis", saysDavidAntonioli, a staff member with the New York Public Interest ResearchCorp. "The earth is not a dump!\ According to Green Peace spokesmanBryanBence, the crisis in garbage stem in part from ______A．the fact that we produce too much garbage B、the fact that we’ve ignored long-term effect of disposal problems C．the fact that the world is actually swimming in the garbage D．the fact that we spend a lot of money disposing the garbage |
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| 第5题： Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, {{U}} (60) {{/U}}the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes for lack of adequate parental control.All theories, however, are tentative and are{{U}} (61) {{/U}}to criticism. Changes in the social structure may indirectly{{U}} (62) {{/U}}juvenile crime rates. Families have also{{U}} (63) {{/U}}changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents;{{U}} (64) {{/U}}, children are likely to have less supervision at home,{{U}} (65) {{/U}}was common in the traditional family{{U}} (66) {{/U}}. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other{{U}} (67) {{/U}}causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased{{U}} (68) {{/U}}of drugs and alcohol, and the growing{{U}} (69) {{/U}}of child abuse and child neglect.All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act,{{U}} (70) {{/U}}a direct causal relationship (因果关系) has not yet been establisheD、 |
B．that
C．which
D．as