在职申硕英语习题练习
| 在职申硕英语考试易错题（2019/5/6） |
| 第1题：Children model themselves largely on their parents. They do so mainly through identification.Children identify (56) a parent when they believe they have the qualities and feelings that are (57) of that parent. The things parents do and say—and the (58) they do and say to them—strongly influence a child’s (59) . A、parent’s actions (60) affect the self image that a child forms (61) identification.Children who see mainly positive qualities in their (62) will likely learn to see themselves in a positive way.Children who observe chiefly (63) qualities in their parents will have difficulty (64) positive qualities in themselves.Children may (65) their self image, however, as they become increasingly (66) by peer groups. In the case of a dramatic change in family relations, the (67) of an activity or experience depends on how the child interprets it.Children interpret such events according to their established attitudes and previous training.Children who know they are loved can, (68) , accept the divorce of their parents or a parent’s early (69) .But if children feel unloved, they may interpret such events (70) a sign of rejection or punishment. A．behavior B．words C．mood D．reactions |
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| 第2题：After the violent earthquake that shook LosAngeles in 1994, earthquake scientists had good news to report. The damage and death toll could have been much worse. More than 60 people died in this earthquake.By comparison, an earthquake of similar. intensity that shookAmerica in 1988 claimed 25,000 victims. Injuries and deaths were relatively less in LosAngeles because the quake occurred at 4:31 A、m. on a holiday, when traffic was light on the city’s highways. In addition, changes made to the construction codes in LosAngeles during the last 20 years have strengthened the city’s buildings and highways, making them more resistant to quakes. Despite the good news, civil engineers aren’t resting on their successes. Pinned to their drawing boards are blueprints for improved quake-resistant buildings. The new designs should offer even greater security to cities where earthquakes often take place. In the past, making structures quake-resistant meant firm yet flexible materials, such as steel and wood, that bend without breaking. Later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation to reduce the impact of ground vibrations. The most recent designs give buildings brains as well as concrete and steel supports, called smart buildings, the structures respond like living organisms to an earthquake’s vibrations. When the ground shakes and the building tips forward, the computer would force the building to shift in the opposite direction. The new smart structures could be very expensive to builD、However, they would save many lives and would be less likely to be damaged during earthquakes. One reason why the loss of lives in the LosAngeles earthquake was comparatively low is that A、new computers had been installed in the buildings B．it occurred in the residential areas rather than on the highways C．large numbers of LosAngeles residents had gone for a holiday D．improvements had been made in the construction of buildings and highways |
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| 第3题：For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work they must read letters, reports, trade publications, interoffice communications, not to mention newspapers and magazines: a never-ending flood of words. In (61) a job or advancing in one, the ability to read and comprehend (62) can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are (63) readers. Most of us develop poor reading (64) at an early age, and never get over them. The main deficiency (65) in the actual stuff of language itself—words. Taken individually, words have (66) meaning until they are strung together into phrases, sentences and paragraphs. (67) , however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads one word at a time, often regressing to (68) words or passages. Regression, the tendency to look back over (69) you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading.Another habit which (70) down the speed of reading is vocalization—sounding each word either orally or mentally as (71) reads. To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called an (72) , which moves a bar (or curtain) down the page at a predetermined speeD、The bar is set at a slightly faster rate (73) the reader finds comfortable, in order to "stretch" him. The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, (74) word-by-word reading, regression and subvocalization, practically impossible.At first (75) is sacrificed for speeD、But when you learn to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster, but also your comprehension will improve. A．meaning B．comprehension C．gist D．regression |
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| 第4题：Imagine a world in which there was suddenly no emotion—a world in which human beings could feel no love or happiness, no terror or hate. Try to imagine the consequences of such a transformation. People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotional world would lack rewards and punishments. Society would soon disappear: people would be as likely to harm one another as to provide help and support. Human relationships would not exist: in a world without friends or enemies, there could be no marriage, affection among companions, or bonds among members of groups. Society’s economic underpinnings (支柱) would be destroyed: since earning $10 million would be no more pleasant than earning $10, there would be no incentive to work. In fact, there would be no incentives of any kinD、For as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them. In such a world, the chances that the human species would survive are next to zero, because emotions are the basic instrument of our survival and adaptation.Emotions structure the world for us in implant (嵌入、插入 ) ways.As individuals, we categorize objects on the basis of our emotions. True, we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but an object’s physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to us—hurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. We also use categorizations colored by emotions in our families, communities, and overall society. Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are "good" and others are "bad", and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life—from what foods we eat and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept. In fact, society exploits our emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty, morality, pride, shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself. It gives high rewards to individuals who perform important tasks such as surgery, makes heroes out of individuals for unusual or dangerous achievements such as flying fighter planes in a war, and uses the legal and penal (刑法的) system to make people afraid to engage in antisocial acts. It can be inferred from the passage that the economic foundation is dependent on______.A．the categorizations of our emotional experiences B．the will to work for pleasure C．the ability to make money D．the capacity to enjoy incentives |
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