| 在职申硕英语考试易错题（2019/5/30） |
| 第1题：The world is full of new horrors and there’s no place to hide. Who says soDisaster psychologists, for a start. They are the people who take in the big picture of our collective reactions to human-created disaster, the ways these reactions are caused, and our coping mechanisms.And research into disaster psychology is growing fast. Among the big issues being addressed by these researchers are understanding the terrorists’ weapons, assessing the full impact of terrorism--and, crucially, working out which psychological approaches actually work. It’s a deeply controversial are A、 Take the work ofDennisEmbry as an example. He argues that we have overlooked the obvious: the purpose of terrorism is to create terror. This works best "if the very symbols of everyday life become conditioned fear and anxiety stimulant". The top targets will be the most symbolic of a nation’s daily life, preferably served up for prime-time television.Crashing planes from United andAmericanAirlines into the Twin Towers and the Pentagon met those objectives all too perfectly.After the attacks, people stopped flying. Why Not because they had made a rational risk assessment but because the mere thought of flying made their palms sweat. From terrorism to rail crashes, counseling and "debriefing" (盘问) are the standard response to help those caught up in disasters.But there are growing doubts about their effectiveness. What might be going wrongDebriefing focuses on getting people to talk through the trauma (损伤) and its emotional consequences soon after the incident.Could it be that some people are better by distancing themselves from what happened, rather than retelling it If disaster psychologists want to find better ways to help, they’ll have to win the race between our understanding of human psychology and the terrorists’. Disaster psychology refers to the study of how to ______ A、avoid human-created disasters B．cope with human reactions to disasters C．reduce the worst natural disasters D．prevent growing terrorism |
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| 第2题： One of the most damaging plant parasites is the stem eelworm. A．harmful B．elegant C．dangerous D．prevalent |
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| 第3题： Many farms in the southern United States yield hay and tobacco. A．store B．fertilize C．sow D．produce |
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| 第4题：One of the most strikingly apparent instances of extrasensory perception is the precognitive experience, when a person has a compelling perception of a coming disaster, news of death of a loved one, or a communication from a long-lost friend, and the predicted event then happens. Many who have had such experiences report that the emotional intensity of the precognition and its subsequent verification provide an overpowering sense of contact with another realm of reality. I have had such an experience myself. Many years ago, I awoke in the middle of night in a cold sweat, with a certain knowledge that a close relative had suddenly dieD、I was so gripped with the haunting intensity of the experience that I was afraid to place a long-distance phone call, (for fear that the relative would trip over the telephone cord or something and make the experience a self-fulfilling prediction). In fact, the relative is alive and well, and whatever psychological roots the experience may have, it was not a reflection of an imminent event in the real worlD、 However, suppose the relative had in fact died that night. You would have had a difficult time convincing me that it was merely coincidence.But it is easy to calculate that if eachAmerican has such a premonitory experience a few times in his lifetime, the actual statistics alone will produce a few apparent precognitive events somewhere inAmerica each year. We can calculate that this must occur fairly frequently, but to the rare person who dreams of disaster, followed rapidly by its realization, it is uncanny and awesome. Such a coincidence must happen to someone every few months.But those who experience a correct precognition understandably resist its explanation by coincidence. After my experience I did not write a letter to an institute of psychology relating a compelling predictive dream that was not borne out by reality. That is not a memorable letter.But had the death I dreamt actually occurred, such a letter would have been marked down as evidence for precognition. The hits are recorded; the misses are not. Thus human nature unconsciously conspires to produce a biased reporting of the frequency of such events. Which of the following is true according to the passageA．Precognitive experiences people have had can often be confirmeD、 B．Precognitive experience is more a reality than fantasy. C．People usually pay greater attention to the confirmed precognitive experiences. D．Precognitive experiences make people better prepared for disasters. |
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| 第5题： The difference {{U}} (80) {{/U}} the emphasis put on health programs, {{U}} (81) {{/U}} birth control, by the state authorities, {{U}} (82) {{/U}} in 1957 became India’s first electedCommunist {{U}} (83) {{/U}}.And an educational tradition and matrilineal (母系的) customs in parts of Kerala help girls and boys get {{U}} (84) {{/U}} good schooling. While one in three Indian women is {{U}} (85) {{/U}}, 90%of those in Kerala can read and write. Higher literacy rates {{U}} (86) {{/U}} Family planning. "Unlike our Parents, we know that we can do more for our children if we have {{U}} (87) {{/U}} of them," says LailaCherian, 33, who lives in the Village of Kudamaloor. She has limited herself {{U}} (88) {{/U}} three children--one below the national {{U}} (89) {{/U}} of four. That kind of restraint (抑制, 克制) will keep Kerala from putting added {{U}} (90) {{/U}} on world food supplies. |