| 在职申硕英语考试易错题（2019/6/12） |
| 第1题：文章Ⅲ植物のにおいわさび 大蒜 レモンなどの植物のにおいは、蝿 鼠などの小動物にも、いろいろな種類の植物にも、強い影響を与えることが分かってきた。また、紫蘇 大根 玉葱などのにおいも、かびの繁殖を抑えたり、小動物を弱らせたりする作用をもつことが分かった。(56)椿の花粉に玉葱や大蒜のにおいを当てたときには、たいへん注目すべき事実が見られた。生長中の花粉に、玉葱のにおいを一秒間当てただけで、一時的にではあるが、花粉管の生長は停止した。五 六秒間当てると、生長が完全に止まったあと、花粉管の先端が風船のようにふくれてきた。57このような現象はたいへん珍しいことで、成長中の花粉に大量の放射線を照射したときの花粉管の状態とよく似ていた。植物は、太陽の光を用いて、自分で澱粉などの栄養分を合成しているので、動物のように他の生物を食べる必要はない。しかし、自分の体を食べに来る動物からは身を守る必要がある。植物を食べに来た動物は、その植物の周りに自分に害になるようなにおいが[注1]立ちこめていると、敬遠して逃げ(58)。無理に植物の体に食いついたりすると、強いにおいの作用で動けなくなってしまう。また、枝が折れたり葉が[注2]ちぎれたりしてきたとき、においは、傷口から侵入しようとする細菌類を撃退する役割を果たす。植物のにおいは、59彼らが進化の過程で身につけた、自衛のための武器の一種だったのである。[注1] 立ち込める：弥漫[注2] ちぎれる：破碎問題： 「彼ら」は何を指しているのか。 A、植物 B．におい C．動物 D．細菌類 |
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| 第2题： A: Tom, why didn't you come to the class yesterdayB: ______ A．I had crone, but there was a visitor at home. B．I was going to, but I had an unexpected visitor. C．No way, as a visitor was coming to visit me. D．I'm sorry. I won't miss the class again. |
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| 第3题：The increase in global trade means that international companies cannot afford to make costly advertising mistakes if they want to be competitive. Understanding the language and culture of target markets in foreign countries is one of the keys to successful international marketing. Too many companies, however, have jumped into foreign markets with embarrassing results. Translation mistakes are at the heart of many blunders in international advertising. General Motors, the US auto manufacturer, got a costly lesson when it introduced itsChevrolet Nova to the Puerto Rican market. "Nova" is Latin for "new (star)" and means "star" in many languages, but in spoken Spanish it can sound like "nova", meaning "it doesn’t go". Few people wanted to buy a car with that cursed meaning. When GM changed the name toCaribe, sales "picked up" dramatically. Marketing blunders have also been made by food and beverage companies. OneAmerican food company’s friendly "Jolly Green Giant" (for advertising vegetables) became something quite different when it was translated intoArabic as " Intimidating Green Ogre". When translated into German, Pepsi’s popular slogan, "ComeAlive with Pepsi" came out implying "ComeAlive from the Grave". No wonder customers in Germany didn’t rush out to buy Pepsi. Successful international marketing doesn’t stop with good translations—other aspects of culture must be researched and understood if marketers are to avoid blunders. When marketers do not understand and appreciate the values, tastes, geography, climate, superstitions, religion, or economy of a culture, they fail to capture their target market. For example, anAmerican designer tried to introduce a new perfume into the LatinAmerican market but the product aroused little interest. The main reason was that the camellia used in it was traditionally used for funerals in many SouthAmerican countries. Having awakened to the special nature of foreign advertising, companies are becoming much more conscientious in their translations and more sensitive to cultural distinctions. The best way to prevent errors is to hire professional translators who understand the target language and its idiomatic usage, or to use a technique called "back translation" to reduce the possibility of blunders. The process uses one person to translate a message into the target language and another to translate it back.Effective translators aim to capture the overall message of an advertisement because a word-for-word duplication of the original rarely conveys the intended meaning and often causes misunderstandings. In designing advertisements for other countries, messages need to be short and simple. They should also avoid jokes, since what is considered funny in one part of the world may not be so humorous in another. What does the word "blunder" mean in this passageA．Hesitation. B．Mistake. C．Stutter. Default. |
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| 第4题： Sometimes we buy a magazine with absolutely no purpose ______ to pass time. A．rather than B．other than C．as well D．except for |
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| 第5题： The brave firemen had fought for days before they managed to ______ the forest fire. A．put on B．put up with C．put off D．put out |
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