| 在职申硕英语考试易错题（2019/6/17） |
| 第1题：Violin prodigies (神童), I learned, have come in distinct waves from distinct regions. Most of the great performers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries were born and brought up in Russia andEasternEurope. I asked Isaac Stern, one of the world’s greatest violinists the reason for this phenomenon. "It is very clear," he told me. "They were all Jews (犹太人) and Jews at the time were severely oppressed and ill-treated in that part of the worlD、They were not allowed into the professional fields, but they were allowed to achieve excellence on a concert stage. "As a result, every Jewish parent’s dream was to have a child in the music school because it was a passport to the West. Another element in the emergence of prodigies, I found, is a society that values excellence in a certain field to nurture (培育) talent. Nowadays, the most nurturing societies seem to be in the FarEast. "In Japan, a most competitive society, with stronger discipline than ours. " says Isaac Stem, children are ready to test their limits every day in many fields, including musiC、When Western music came to Japan after World War Ⅱ, that music not only became part of their daily lives, but it became a discipline as well. The Koreans andChinese as we know, are just as highly motivated as the Japanese. That’s a good thing, because even prodigies must work harD、Next to hard work, biological inheritance plays an important role in the making of a prodigy. J. S.Bach, for example, was the top of several generations of musicians, and four of his sons had significant careers in musiC、 Jewish parents inEasternEurope longed for their children to attend music school because______. A、it would allow them access to a better life in the West B．Jewish children are born with excellent musical talent C．they wanted their children to enter into the professional field D．it would enable the family to get better treatment in their own country |
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| 第2题：After flexing its mechanical arm and finding some puzzling chemistry in a patch of Martian soil,the robotic rover Spirit began investigating the composition of a rock namedAdirondack yesterday with two science instruments and a microscopic camer A、 Following programmed instructions from flight controllers, the six-wheel rover made several short turns and moved forward about six feet. It stopped within inches of the pyramid-shaped rock, about the size of a football. It was the vehicle’s second maneuver on the Martian surface since landing there on Jan. 3. Scientists at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena,Calif., said they did not expect results of the first rock examination until early today.But they were already both pleased and puzzled over the soil test results. "We’re starting to put together a picture of what the soil at Gusev is really like,"Dr. Steven W. Squyres ofCornell, the principal scientist of the mission, said at a news conference in Pasaden A、He was referring to the Spirit’s landing site in Gusev crater, near the Martian equator. Two of the Spirit’s main science instruments, the M6ssbauer spectrometer and the alpha particle X-ray spectrometer, made a close examination of soil near the landing base. German scientists in charge of the studies reported that X-rays emitted by the surface soil indicated a chemical composition mainly of silicon and iron, with smaller amounts of sulfur, chlorine and argon.Argon is a noble gas that is part of the Martian atmosphere. Previous Martian sites visited by landing craft also contained significant amounts of sulfur and chlorine. Other members of the project’s science team said the M6ssbauer spectrometer found considerable amounts of the mineral olivine in the soil. Olivine, which contains oxygen, iron and magnesium, is often found in volcanic rocks. The Martian soil may resemble the volcanic soil of Hawaii. "One possibility is that this soil is simply ground-up lava,"Dr. Squyres saiD、"That would surprise me, but it’s entirely possible that beneath .those grains there is solid rock and we are detecting some of that solid rock, not the s0il." Another property of the soil perplexed geologists. The fine grains of the Gusev surface seem to stick together in dry clumps. Geologists suspected static electricity as the clinging force. If so, they said, the soil should collapse and flatten out when the M6ssbauer spectrometer pressed against the grounD、Nothing collapsed, leadingDr. Squyres to ask what force was. responsible for holding them together. How many pieces of equipment is the robotic rover Spirit, armed with and what are their names A、Two. They are the mechanical arm and the microscopic camer A、 B．Three. They are the two science instruments and a microscopic camer A、 C．Four. They are the two science instruments, a microscopic camera and the flight controller. D．Five. They are the two science instruments, the two flight controllers and a microscopic camera and the flight controller. |
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| 第3题： A、parent’s actions{{U}} (60) {{/U}}affect the self image that a child forms{{U}} (61) {{/U}}identification.Children who see mainly positive qualities in their{{U}} (62) {{/U}}will likely learn to see themselves in a positive way.Children who observe chiefly{{U}} (63) {{/U}}qualities in their parents will have difficulty{{U}} (64) {{/U}}positive qualities in themselves.Children may{{U}} (65) {{/U}}their self image, however, as they become increasingly{{U}} (66) {{/U}}by peer groups: In the case of a dramatic change in family relations, the{{U}} (67) {{/U}}of an activity or experience depends on how the child interprets it.Children interpret such events according to their established attitudes and previous training.Children who know they are loved can, {{U}} (68) {{/U}}, accept the divorce of their parents or a parent’s early{{U}} (69) {{/U}}.But if children feel unloved, they may interpret such events{{U}} (70) {{/U}}a sign of rejection or punishment. |
| 第4题： {{B}}Passage One{{/B}} Career counselors had told her to get out of the highly extroverted public relations fields " so you can be happy and do what you are. "Among the less fast-paced areas they pointed to: art, scientific research, data analysis. Such a move is definitely the right road for many introverts struggling to fit into an extroverted workplace. So, just what is an introvert anyway It’s someone who is energized by thought and reflection, while extroverts are energized by socializing. Introverts naturally need to think before they speak.Extroverts use the speaking process to figure out what it is they want to say. And, needless to say, there are pluses and minuses to both personality types. Still, in the modern world where as many as two-thirds of the population may be extroverted, those who are the opposite can be misunderstooD、They can be seen as antisocial, secretive, even territorial, because they can sometimes try to protect their "space" and quiet. Workplaces can actually benefit from having both types, saysDeborahBarrett, program director of the Rice University MBA、communications program. An introvert herself, she says she has the best of both worlds—working in an environment of professors, who tend towards introversion, yet getting to teach, which calls on her more "out there" skills. Here’s her advice for those looking to follow the same path: Make good use of e-mail. If you don’t get to make a point at a loud meeting, send a follow-up email sharing your thoughts. If you don’t have an office and are easily distracted by ongoing small talk, consider listening to music through headphones.But take care not to make your more sociable neighbors feel rejecteD、 Sure, she says, if she had moved to a less stimulating environment, that might have "{{U}}short- circuited a lot of nay pain{{/U}}, but I also believe it would have short-circuited learning what’s made me a much more well-rounded person." Her main lesson " I don’t have to be an extrovert. I just have to play at being one for an hour. " |
| 第5题：For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work they must read letters, reports, trade publications, interoffice communications, not to mention newspapers and magazines: a never-ending flood of words. In (61) a job or advancing in one, the ability to read and comprehend (62) can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are (63) readers. Most of us develop poor reading (64) at an early age, and never get over them. The main deficiency (65) in the actual stuff of language itself—words. Taken individually, words have (66) meaning until they are strung together into phrases, sentences and paragraphs. (67) , however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads one word at a time, often regressing to (68) words or passages. Regression, the tendency to look back over (69) you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading.Another habit which (70) down the speed of reading is vocalization—sounding each word either orally or mentally as (71) reads. To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called an (72) , which moves a bar (or curtain) down the page at a predetermined speeD、The bar is set at a slightly faster rate (73) the reader finds comfortable, in order to "stretch" him. The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, (74) word-by-word reading, regression and subvocalization, practically impossible.At first (75) is sacrificed for speeD、But when you learn to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster, but also your comprehension will improve. A．training B．habits C．situations D．custom |
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