在职申硕英语考试易错题（2019/6/27）

在职申硕英语习题练习

在职申硕英语考试易错题（2019/6/27）

第1题：Is there enough oil beneath theArctic National Wildlife RefugeANWR)to help secureAmerica’s energy future PresidentBush certainly thinks so. He has argued that tappingANWR’s oil would help easeCalifornia’s electricity crisis and provide a major boost to the country’s energy independence.But no one knows for sure how much crude oil lies buried beneath the frozen earth, with the last government survey, conducted in 1998, projecting output anywhere from 3 billion to 16 billion barrels.
The oil industry goes with the high end of the range, which could equal as much as 10% of U.S. consumption for as long as six years.By pumping more than 1 million barrels a day from the reserve for the next two to three decades, lobbyists claim, the nation could cut back on imports equivalent to all shipments to the U.S. from SaudiArabi
A、Sounds gooD、An oil boom would also mean a multibillion-dollar windfall(意外之才) in tax revenues, royalties (开采权使用费)and leasing fees forAlaska and the Federal Government.Best of all, advocates of drilling say, damage to the environment would be insignificant. "We’ve never had a documented case of an oil rig chasing deer out onto the pack ice," saysAlaska State Representative Scott Ogan.
Not so fast, say environmentalists. Sticking to the low end of government estimates, the National ResourcesDefenseCouncil says there may be no more than 3.2 billion barrels of economically recoverable oil in the coastal plain ofANWR, a drop in the bucket that would do virtually nothing to easeAmerica’s energy problems.And consumers would wait up to a decade to gain any benefits, because drilling could begin only after much bargaining over leases, environmental permits and regulatory review.As forANWR’s impact on theCalifornia power crisis, environmentalists point out that oil is responsible for only 1% of the Golden State’s electricity output—and just 3% of the nation’s.
It can be learned from the passage that oil exploitation beneathANWR’s frozen earth
A、remains a controversial issue

B、is expected to get under way soon

C、involves a lot of technological problems
D．will enable the U.S. to be oil independent

【单选题】： A B C D

In a sense, the new protectionism is not protectionism at all, at least not in the traditional sense of the term. The old protectionism referred only to trade restricting and trade expanding devices, such as the tariff or export subsidy. The new protectionism is much broader than this: it includes interventions into foreign trade but is not limited to them. The new protectionism, in fact, refers to how the whole of government intervention into the private economy affects international trade. The emphasis on trade is still there, thus came the term "protection".But what is new is the realization that virtually all government activities can affect international economic relations. The emergence of the new protectionism in the Western world reflects the victory of the interventionist, or welfare economy over the market economy. Jab Tumiler writes, "The old protectionism…coexisted, without any apparent intellectual difficulty with the acceptance of the market as a national as well as an international economic distribution mechanism—indeed, protectionists as well as (if not more than) free traders stood for laissez faire (放任政策). Now, as in the 1930s, protectionism is an expression of a profound skepticism as to the ability of the market to distribute resources and incomes to societies’ satisfaction."
It is precisely this profound skepticism of the market economy that is responsible for the protectionism. In a market economy, economic change of various color simplies redistribution of resources and incomes. The same opinion in many communities apparently is that such redistributions often are not proper. Therefore, the government intervenes to bring about a more desired result.
The victory of the welfare state is almost complete in northernEurope. In Sweden, Norway, Finland,Denmark, and the Netherlands, government intervention in almost all aspects of economic and social life is considered normal. In GreatBritain this is only somewhat less true. Government traditionally has played a very active role in economic life in France and continued to do so. Only West Germany dares to go against the tide towards excessive interventionism in WesternEurope. It also happens to be the most successful WesternEuropean economy.
The welfare state has made significant progress in the United States as well as in WesternEurope. Social security, unemployment insurance, minimum wage laws, and rent control are by now traditional welfare state elements on theAmerica scene.

第2题：{{B}}Passage Two{{/B}}

What does the phrase "stood for (ParA、1)" meanA．represented
B．held out
C．tolerated
D．disapproved
【单选题】： A B C D
Birds are literally half-asleep--with one brain hemisphere alert and the other sleeping, according to a new study of sleeping ducks.
Earlier Studies have documented half-brain sleep in a wide range of birds. The brain hemispheres take turns sinking into the sleep stage characterized by slow brain waves. The eye controlled by the sleeping hemisphere keeps shut, while the wakeful hemisphere’s eye stays open and alert.Birds also can sleep with both hemispheres resting at once.
Decades of studies of bird flocks led researchers to predict extra alertness in the more vulnerable, end-of-the-row sleepers. Sure enough, the end birds tended to watch carefully on the side away from their companions.Ducks in the inner spots showed no preference for gaze direction.
Also, birds dozing (打盹) at the end of the line resorted to single-hemisphere sleep, rather than total relaxation, more often than inner ducks diD、Rotating 16 birds through the positions in a four-duck row, the researchers found outer birds half-asleep during 32 percent of dozing time versus about 12 percent for birds in internal spots.
"We believe this is the first evidence for an animal behaviorally controlling sleep and wakefulness simultaneously in different regions of the brain," the researchers say.
The results provide the best evidence for a long-standing supposition that single- hemisphere sleep evolved as creatures scanned for enemies. The preference for opening an eye on the. lockout side could be widespread, he predicts. He’s seen it in a pair of birds’ dozing side-by-side in the zoo and in a single pet bird sleeping by a mirror. The mirror-side eye closed as if the reflection were a companion and the other eye stayed open.
Useful as half-sleeping might be, it’s only been found in birds and such water mammals (哺乳动物) as dolphins, whales, and seals. Perhaps keeping one side of the brain awake allows a sleeping animal to surface occasionally to avoid drowning.
Studies of birds may offer unique insights into sleep. Jerome M. Siegel of the UCLA、says he wonders if birds’ half-brain sleep "is just the tip of the iceberg (冰山) ". He speculates that more examples may turn up when we take a closer look at other species.

第3题：{{B}}Passage Four{{/B}}

您正在结束答题