在职申硕英语考试易错题（2019/6/28）

第1题：II. 2 阅读理解 Leseverst ndnis 2　　 Arbeitsrausch　　Der amerikanische Professor W. Oates in Louisville hat vor kurzem ein weiteres Rauschmittel“ (毒品) entdeckt.Es wird mit Vorliebe in gut-bürgerlichen“ Kreisen verwendet, es ist – dieArbeit. Wovon er spricht, wei er ganz genau, denn er war selbst süchtig“. Seine eigene, rauschartigeArbeitswut hatte er jahrelang als normal“ hingenommen, so wie unz hlige andere, deren Lebenserfüllung dieArbeit ist.Dass etwas mit ihm nicht stimmte, ging dem Psychologieprofessor erst auf (aufgehen 意识到), als sein 5-j hriger Sohn um einen Termin bat, zu dem er seinen Vater einmal sprechen konnte. Für seine und die Krankheit aller übrigenArbeitstiere fand der Professor dieBezeichnungArbeitsrausch“.DerArbeitssüchtige verr t sich dadurch, dass ihn seinArbeitseifer zu jeder Stunde beherrscht und dass er diesen Flei nicht mehr kontrollieren kann.　　Um seinen Leidensgenossen zu helfen, hat Professor Oates seine eigenenErfahrungen in einemBuch zusammengefasst und dieses der flei igen Umwelt pr sentiert.Der arbeitswütige Mensch kennt nichts anderes als seineArbeit.Er wacht jeden Morgen pünktlich auf, imBüro verlangt er von sich selbst standing H chstleistungen und lehnt jede Hingabe(献身)an Gefühle a B、Rücksichtslos kritisiert er alle, derenArbeitsleistungen nicht seinen Vorstellungen entsprechen. Kommt derArbeitswütige nach Hause, bringt er denBeruf mit. Kaum hat er seine Familie begrü t und hastig einenBissen hinuntergeschlungen, zieht er sich an seinen Schreibtisch zurück. Privatleben“ ist ihm ein Fremdwort, immer hat er etwas Wichtiges aufzuarbeiten(处理、做完).“　　Von derArbeitsdroge wird man nach denBeobachtungen des Psychologen aus den verschiedensten Gründen abh ngig. Famili rer Verdruss (烦恼)kann hier ebenso eine Rolle spielen wie ein k rperlicherDefekt oder ein gest rtes Selbstbewusstsein.Ein typisches Symptom (症状)desArbeitskranken ist au erdem ein Mittel, die Mitmenschen zu übertreffen.Den Grund für dieArbeitskrankheit vermutet der Professor in derAngst vor dem Tode, die mit derArbeit weggeschafft“, also verdr ngt werden soll. Sehr h ufig ist jedoch gerade der Tod dieEndstation desArbeitssüchtigen:Der Herzinfarkt (心肌梗塞)beendet pl tzlich die Karriere“ des Super-Arbeiters.　　 A、Entscheiden Sie bitte, welcheErkl rung zu der zitierten Textstelle passt!(21-25 Titel) B、W hlen Sie bitte die richtige L sung aus!(26-30 Titel) Rücksichtslos kritisiert er alle, derenArbeitsleistungen nicht seinen Vorstellungen entsprechen. A、Rücksichtslos kritisiert er alle, die nicht gut arbeiten wollen. B、Rücksichtslos kritisiert er alle, die sich nicht mit seinen Vorstellungen von denArbeitsleistungen besch fitigen wollen. C．Rücksichtslos kritisiert er alle, deren Leistungen zu seinen Kriterien für dieArbeit nicht passen. D．Rücksichtslos kritisiert er alle, deren Vorstellungen zu seinenArbeitsleistungen nicht passen.

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第2题：

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第3题：Until last spring, Nia Parker and the other kids in her neighborhood commuted to school onBus 59.But as fuel prices rose, the school district needed to find a way to cut its transportation costs. So the school’s busing company redrew its route map, eliminating Nia’s bus altogether. Now Nia and her neighbors travel the half mile to school via a "walking school bus" —a group of kids, supervised by an adult or two, who make the walk together. Like the rest of us, school districts are feeling pinched by rising fuel costs—and finding new way to adapt. The price of diesel fuel has gone up 34 percent in the past two years. For the typicalAmerican school district, bus bills total 5 percent of the budget.As administrators look to trim, busing is an inviting target, since it doesn’t affect classroom instruction (or test scores). More than one third ofAmerican school administrators have eliminated bus stops or routes in order to stay within budget. Many parents are delighted to see their kids walking to school, partly because many did so themselves: according to a 1969 survey, nearly half of school kids walked or biked to school, compared with only 16 percent in 2001. Modern parents have been unwilling to let kids walk to school for fear of traffic, crime or simple bullying, but with organized adult supervision, those concerns have diminisheD、 Schools and busing companies are finding other ways to save. In rural areas where busing is a must, some schools have even chosen four-day school weeks.Busing companies instruct drivers to eliminate extra stops from routes and to turn off the engine while idling. They are also using computer software to determine the most fuel-efficient routes, which aren’t always the shortest ones. There could be downsides, however, to the busing cutbacks. If every formerly bused student begins walking to school, it’s an environmental win—but if too many of their parents decide to drive them instead, the overall carbon footprint can grow. Replacing buses with many more parent-driven cars can also increase safety risks.A、2002 report concluded students are 13 times safer on a school bus than in a passenger car, since buses have fewer accidents and withstand them better due to their size.And some students complain about the long morning hikes, particularly when the route contains a really big hill. The "walking school bus" ______.A．does not consume fuel B．aims to keep children fit C．seldom causes traffic jams D．is popular with school kids

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第4题：试述辩证的否定观，并用这一观点说明如何正确对待传统文化与外来文化。

【分析题】：

第5题：In the 1970s many of us thought working outside the home would be liberating for women, freeing them from financial dependence on men and allowing them roles beyond those of wife and mother. It hasn’t worked out that way. Women’s labor has been bought on the cheap, their working hours have become longer and their family commitments have barely diminisheD、The reality for most working women is a near impossible feat of working ever harder. There have been new opportunities for some women: professions once closed to them, such as law, have opened up. Women managers are commonplace, though the top boardrooms remain male preserves. Professional and managerial women have done well out of neoliberalism. Their salaries allow them to hire domestic help. But more women, such as the supermarket or call centre workers; the cooks, cleaners and hairdressers, all find themselves in low-wage, low-status jobs with no possibility of paying to have their houses cleaned by someone else.Even those in professions once-regarded as reasonably high-status, such as teaching, nursing or office work, have seen that status pushed down with longer hours, more regulation and lower pay. Women’s right to work should not mean a family life where partners rarely see each other or their children. Yet a quarter of all families with dependent children have one parent working nights or evenings, many of them because of childcare problems. The legislative changes of the 1960s and 1970s helped establish women’s legal and financial independence, but we have long come up against the limits of the law.A、more radical social transformation would mean using the country’s wealth—much of it now produced by women—to create a decent family life.A、35-hour week and a national childcare service would be a start.But it is hard to imagine the major employers conceding such demands.Every gain that women have made at work has had to be fought for. Women’s lives have undergone a revolution over the past few decades that has seen married women, and mothers in particular, go from a private family role to a much more social role at work.But they haven’t left the family role behind: now they are expected to work even harder to do both. In paragraph 2, "It hasn’t worked out that way. " means that women at present ______. A、are facing worsening conditions B、are still dependent on men financially C、prefer staying at home as housewives D、find it hard to get fair treatment

【单选题】： A     B     C     D