| 在职申硕英语考试易错题（2019/7/18） |
| 第1题：温度同为20℃的空气和水，假设两者的流动速度相同，当你把两只手分别放到水和空气中，为什么感觉却不一样？ |
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| 第2题：1．你认为在研究生学习阶段是选择一个好的学校重要还是选择一个好的专业重要 2．你的理由是什么 |
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| 第3题：ManyAmericans harbor a grossly distorted and exaggerated view of most of the risks surrounding fooD、FergusClydesdale, head of the department of food science and nutrition at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst, says bluntly that if the dangers from bacterially contaminated chicken were as great as some people believe, "the streets would be littered with people lying here and there." Though the public increasingly demands no-risk food, there is no such thing.BruceAmes, chairman of the biochemistry department at the University ofCalifornia,Berkeley, points out that up to 10% of a plant’s weight is made up of natural pesticide (杀虫剂). Says he. "Since plants do not have jaws or teeth to protect themselves, they employ chemical warfare."And many naturally produced chemicals, though occurring in tiny amounts, prove in laboratory tests to be strong carcinogens--a substance that can cause cancer. Mushrooms (蘑菇) might be banned if they were judged by the same standards that apply to food additives (添加剂).DeclaresChristina Stark, a nutritionist atCornell University: "We’ve got far worse natural chemicals in the food supply than anything man-made. Yet the issues are not that simple. WhileAmericans have no reason to be terrified to sit down at the dinner table, they have every reason to demand significant improvements in food and water safety. They unconsciously and unwillingly take in too much of too many dangerous chemicals. If food already contains natural carcinogens, it does not make much sense to add dozens of new man-made ones. Though most people will withstand the small amounts of contaminants generally found in food and water, at least a few individuals will probably get cancer one day because of what they eat and drink. To make good food and water supplies even better, the Government needs to tighten its regulatory standards, stiffen its inspection program and strengthen its enforcement policies. The food industry should modify some long-accepted practices or turn to less hazardous alternatives. Perhaps most important, consumers will have to do a better job of learning how to select and cook food properly. The problems that need to be tackled exist all along the food-supply chain, from fields to processing plants to kitchens. By saying "they employ chemical warfare" (Par A、2),BruceAmes means ______ A、plants absorb useful chemicals to promote their growthB、plants produce certain chemicals to combat pests and diseasesC、farmers use chemicals to protect plants against pests and diseasesD、farmers use man-made chemicals to dissolve the natural chemicals in plants |
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| 第4题：According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group in the United States. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, in such friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment. Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of "natural leaders". It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group. Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to "get things done".Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-being of a social group’s member.Expressive leader are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them. Group members expect expressive leaders to maintain stable relationships within the group and provide support to individual members. Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give orders and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the group’s goals.Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a serious moment with humor, and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group.As the differences in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a distant respect. The word "them" in Paragraph 3 refers to______. A、expressive leaders B．goals of the group C．group members D．tension and conflict |
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| 第5题：What are black holes This question is difficult to answer, since we do not have the necessary words to describe them. Scientists think that a black hole is a region of space into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape. So we cannot see a black hole. A、black hole exerts a strong gravitational pull and yet it has no matter. It is only space. The exploration of black holes is just beginning. There are many speculations about them. There might be a huge hole at the centre of our galaxy swallowing up stars at a very rapid rate. Mankind may one day meet this fate. On the other hand, scientists have suggested that very advanced technology could one day harness the energy of black hole for human’s use on earth. These speculations sound like science fictions.But the theory of black holes is accepted by many scientists and astronomers. |
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